Table 4.
Logistic Regression of the Presence of Non-Cancer Pain by Patient Demographics, Cognitive Status, and Variables that Add to the Model, n=5,397a
| Characteristic |
No Pain versus Any Pain |
|
|---|---|---|
| |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| Age |
1.00 (0.99-1.01) |
1.02 (1.01-1.03) |
| Male gender |
0.65 (0.55-0.72) |
0.77 (0.67-0.89) |
| Caucasian race |
0.96 (0.58-1.56) |
0.85 (0.46-1.55) |
| Education | ||
| Greater than high school | Reference | Reference |
| High school | 0.98 (0.86-1.11) | 1.02 (0.87-1.19) |
| Grade school |
1.03 (0.88-1.19) |
1.16 (0.97-1.37) |
| Instrumental activity if daily living, impaired |
1.85 (1.65-2.07) |
1.32 (1.15-1.53) |
| Depressed mood |
2.37 (2.09-2.69) |
1.69 (1.46-1.96) |
| Number of co-morbidities |
1.45 (1.41-1.49) |
1.41 (1.36,1.46) |
| Cognitively impairedb | 0.85 (0.73-0.98) | 0.83 (0.68-1.01) |
CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
a
Logistic regression was used to develop the most parsimonious model of pain presence with patient demographics, cognitive status, and other variables that add to the model and those thought to be clinically relevant.
b
Cognitive impairment defined as a Modified Mini Mental State Exam score between 50 and 77.