Table 6.

Variations by Education^a

1. Organizational Religiousness

A. Social activities at Temples, Shrines, and Churches

1. Low (0 = 3.838) vs. Medium (0 = 3.988) B p < .05

2. Low (0 = 3.838) vs. High (0 = 3.740) B ns

3. Medium (0 = 3.988) vs. High (0 = 3.740) B p < .05

B. Praying at Temples, Shrines, or Churches

1. Low (0 = 2.044) vs. Medium (0 = 2.082) B ns

2. Low (0 = 2.044) vs. High (0 = 1.965) B ns

3. Medium (0 = 2.082) vs. High (0 = 1.965) B ns

C. Member of a religious group or association

1. Low (0 = .045) vs. High (0 = .070) B ns

3. Medium (0 = .066) vs. High (0 = .070) B ns

2. Private Religious Practices

A. Pray at home

1 Low (0 = 3.383) vs. Medium (0 = 3.330) B ns

2. Low (0 = 3.383) vs. High (0 = 3.036) B p < .001

3. Medium (0 = 3.330) vs. High (0 = 3.036) B p < .005

B. Read religious literature at home

1. Low (0 = 1.912) vs. Medium (0 = 1.893) B ns

2. Low (0 = 1.912) vs. High (0 = 1.789) B ns

3. Medium (0 = 1.893) vs. High (0 = 1.798) B ns

C. Watch or listen to religious programs on TV or radio

1. Low (0 = 1.399) vs. Medium (0 = 1.404) B ns

2. Low (0 = 1.399) vs. High (0 = 1.546) B ns

3. Medium (0 = 1.404) vs. High (0 = 1.546) B ns

3. Functions of Prayer

A. Prayer to overcome stress or worry

1. Low (0 = 2.818) vs. Medium (0 = 2.640) B p < .005

2. Low (0 = 2.818) vs. High (0 = 2.650) B ns

3 Medium (0 = 2.640) vs. High (0 = 2.650) B ns

B. Prayer for wishes

1. Low (0 = 2.405) vs. Medium (0 = 2.161) B p < .001

2. Low (0 = 2.405) vs. High (0 = 2.045) B p < .001

3. Medium (0 = 2.161) vs. High (0 = 2.045) B ns

4. Punishment by Supernatural Forces

1. Low (0 = 2.407) vs. Medium (0 = 2.242) B p < .005

2. Low (0 = 2.407) vs. High (0 = 2.210) B p < .05

3. Medium (0 = 2.242) vs. High (0 = 2.210) B ns

5. Beliefs about the Afterlife

A. 1. Low (0 = 1.605) vs. Medium (0 = 1.569) B ns

2. Low (0 = 1.605) vs. High (0 = 1.609) B ns

3. Medium (0 = 1.569) vs. High (0 = 1.609) B ns

B. I believe in the existence of heaven and hell

1. Low (0 = 1.969) vs. Medium (0 = 1.921) B ns

2. Medium (0 = 1.921) vs. High (0 = 1.975) B ns

C. Even though the body dies, the spirit lives on

1. Low (0 = 2.643) vs. High (0 = 2.455) B ns

3. Medium (0 = 2.587) vs. High (0 = 2.455) B ns

D. Death is just one point on the way to eternal happiness

1. Low (0 = 2.000) vs. Medium (0 = 1.925) B ns

2. Low (0 = 2.000) vs. High (0 = 1.910) B ns

3. Medium (0 = 1.925) vs. High (0 = 1.910) B ns

^alow education (less than or equal to 8 years); medium (9-12 years); high (more than 12 years)