Table 2.
Means and standard deviations for adults with DS and adults with ASD on the core domains of independence in adult life.
| DS | ASD | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | M (SD) | M (SD) | F-statistic d |
| Residential independence a | F(3,131) = 13.49*** | ||
| Living independently b | .00 (.00) | .01 (.12) | |
| Living semi-independently | .06 (.24) | .09 (.29) | F(1,133) = 0.86 |
| Living with family or other relatives | .78 (.42) | .29 (.46) | F(1,133) = 39.89*** |
| Living in a community residence | .14 (.35) | .57 (.50) | F(1,133) = 30.02*** |
| Living in a hospital or institution b | .01 (.12) | .03 (.17) | |
| Social contact with friends a,c | F(4,116) = 4.21** | ||
| Several times a week | .25 (.44) | .08 (.27) | F(1,119) = 15.80*** |
| About once per week | .22 (.42) | .19 (.39) | F(1,119) = 0.04 |
| About once per month | .13 (.34) | .14 (.35) | F(1,119) = 0.57 |
| About 1-10 times per year | .10 (.30) | .16 (.37) | F(1,119) = 0.77 |
| Less than yearly or never | .30 (.46) | .44 (.50) | F(1,119) = 3.36 |
| Vocational independence a,c | F(4,125) = 1.29 | ||
| Competitive employment | .13 (0.34) | .06 (0.24) | |
| Supported employment | .19 (0.40) | .29 (0.46) | |
| Sheltered workshop | .40 (0.49) | .25 (0.43) | |
| Day habilitation | .13 (0.34) | .32 (0.47) | |
| Volunteer work or no vocational activity | .15 (.36) | .08 (0.27) | |
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001
a
Analysis controlled for maternal education and level of ID.
b
These variables were not entered in the MANCOVA or ANCOVAs due to small cell sizes.
c
Analyses controlled for residential status (coresiding or living away from the family home).
d
The degrees of freedom differed between the MANOVAs for the three core domains of independence in adult life due to missing data on individual measures within each of the core domains.