. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 15.

Published in final edited form as: J Infect Dis. 2006 Nov 22;195(1):55–69. doi: 10.1086/509895

Table 4.

Longitudinal analysis of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)–induced immune gene networks.

Network, gene	W1:W0 ratio		W2:W0 ratio		W3:W0 ratio		W4:W0 ratio		W6:W0 ratio		W19:W0 ratio
Network, gene	Mean ± SD	P	Mean ± SD	P	Mean ± SD	P	Mean ± SD	P	Mean ± SD	P	Mean ± SD	P
Network (i)
IL-1α	53.7 ± 25.5	.049^a	9.1 ± 11.3	.085	8.8 ± 15.1	.154	12.4 ± 12.6	.052	17.3 ± 28.6	.140	0.5 ± 0.5	.418
IL-1β	21.9 ± 1.1	.001^b	4.4 ± 5.2	.197	0.9 ± 0.6	.137	9.9 ± 15.3	.167	62.5 ± 62.1	.049^a	1.0 ± 1.0	.086
IL-2	33.2 ± 13.9	.041^a	8.7 ± 7.8	.062	26.9 ± 24.4	.042^a	26.2 ± 24.1	.044^a	2.2 ± 1.4	.285	1.1 ± 0.8	.229
IL-3	55.6 ± 18.1	.025^a	34.1 ± 25.5	.020^a	24.0 ± 17.4	.019^a	26.9 ± 11.1	.002^b	19.3 ± 16.0	.031^a	2.0 ± 2.8	.320
IL-4	31.9 ± 1.3	.005^b	3.5 ± 2.8	.171	15.0 ± 26.2	.172	3.5 ± 2.9	.174	1.5 ± 1.7	.482	0.2 ± 0.2	.459
IL-5	47.6 ± 10.0	.011^a	1.9 ± 0.6	.020^a	1.1 ± 1.1	.497	3.9 ± 6.1	.192	14.6 ± 25.5	.165	2.9 ± 2.6	.212
IL-6	16.7 ± 3.5	.011^a	17.1 ± 13.3	.030^a	13.4 ± 20.5	.148	29.7 ± 27.6	.044^a	4.1 ± 4.3	.172	4.9 ± 6.0	.336
IL-7	9.0 ± 8.9	.189	2.9 ± 2.5	.164	1.1 ± 0.8	.333	11.0 ± 18.5	.171	5.1 ± 8.7	.212	3.2 ± 4.3	.270
IL-8	24.5 ± 7.0	.021^a	44.6 ± 39.5	.035^a	14.7 ± 17.9	.089	52.9 ± 44.3	.029^a	6.8 ± 9.0	.125	1.7 ± 1.5	.306
IL-9	10.6 ± 13.2	.190	4.3 ± 1.9	.034^a	3.3 ± 2.2	.087	5.6 ± 0.6	.006^b	2.3 ± 1.3	.158	UD	UD
IL-15	15.1 ± 3.2	.012^a	6.3 ± 5.7	.060	7.1 ± 10.3	.144	11.2 ± 13.8	.097	2.1 ± 0.7	.021^a	3.1 ± 4.4	.302
IL-16	8.2 ± 9.5	.229	8.9 ± 4.3	.013^a	6.2 ± 6.4	.137	3.4 ± 2.0	.171	14.5 ± 16.1	.090	1.6 ± 1.3	.180
IL-18	65.9 ± 3.1	.001^b	39.9 ± 34.4	.032^a	81.4 ± 44.5	.006^b	108.2 ± 52.5	.003^b	46.5 ± 23.7	.004^b	3.0 ± 4.0	.278
IL-19	UD	UD	UD	UD	UD	UD	UD	UD	UD	UD	UD	UD
IL-22	36.7 ± 0.8	.006^b	58.3 ± 47.0	.028^a	22.7 ± 15.0	.020^a	23.3 ± 4.9	.000^b	10.0 ± 11.3	.127	4.6 ± 6.6	.257
IL-23α	9.7 ± 9.3	.159	5.5 ± 2.7	.008^b	3.0 ± 2.2	.050	4.8 ± 2.0	.004^b	1.7 ± 0.8	.076	1.0 ± 1.4	.409
IFN-α	51.6 ± 12.6	.015^a	49.1 ± 42.7	.032^a	21.0 ± 18.3	.035^a	33.1 ± 25.5	.023^a	8.8 ± 10.7	.096	1.1 ± 1.6	.425
IFN-β	50.5 ± 23.1	.047^a	36.7 ± 21.9	.010^a	12.3 ± 16.1	.091	12.5 ± 5.0	.003^b	3.1 ± 4.1	.169	UD	UD
IFN-γ	20.4 ± 24.5	.197	18.8 ± 15.7	.036^a	9.1 ± 7.4	.049^a	54.6 ± 51.6	.043^a	9.8 ± 8.4	.051	5.9 ± 6.6	.240
TNF-α	5.7 ± 4.2	.123	3.3 ± 2.5	.211	3.5 ± 2.6	.188	18.7 ± 21.4	.084	1.4 ± 1.2	.363	4.9 ± 6.9	.369
IL-2Rα	13.4 ± 14.8	.176	9.7 ± 12.8	.110	16.6 ± 15.7	.046^a	45.6 ± 40.5	.035^a	17.4 ± 18.8	.065	1.8 ± 1.0	.177
IL-2Rβ	23.9 ± 10.6	.047^a	12.6 ± 10.1	.047^a	29.3 ± 19.6	.017^a	24.3 ± 19.1	.031^a	28.3 ± 24.9	.042^a	5.6 ± 7.3	.364
IL-2Rγ	20.1 ± 6.3	.025^a	32.7 ± 29.8	.039^a	28.3 ± 18.9	.014^a	31.3 ± 16.2	.005^b	17.1 ± 9.1	.006^b	1.6 ± 1.0	.259
IL-3Rα	25.8 ± 8.6	.037^a	12.5 ± 8.1	.028^a	13.6 ± 8.5	.024^a	17.0 ± 7.2	.004^b	9.6 ± 12.5	.160	0.4 ± 0.6	.140
IL-4R	18.5 ± 14.1	.111	21.1 ± 20.3	.048^a	23.9 ± 12.5	.005^b	35.9 ± 25.1	.016^a	15.0 ± 18.5	.092	1.8 ± 2.5	.358
IL-6R	58.4 ± 10.1	.008^b	33.1 ± 30.0	.042^a	44.8 ± 16.5	.001^b	89.0 ± 61.0	.015^a	48.4 ± 24.5	.005^b	1.3 ± 1.8	.215
IL-8Rα	78.8 ± 89.0	.171	41.2 ± 28.6	.016^a	50.7 ± 50.1	.047^a	22.0 ± 8.4	.001^b	23.5 ± 22.0	.044^a	0.7 ± 1.0	.386
IL-11Rα	33.3 ± 25.8	.112	20.7 ± 8.1	.002^b	20.9 ± 15.5	.023^a	10.9 ± 1.5	.000^b	19.7 ± 15.9	.030^a	9.1 ± 12.8	.235
IL-13Rα1	102.0 ± 13.7	.005^b	34.8 ± 27.5	.025^a	23.3 ± 21.2	.040^a	65.2 ± 58.7	.036^a	25.3 ± 10.7	.002^b	1.1 ± 1.5	.494
IL-17R	15.7 ± 14.2	.141	12.9 ± 9.2	.023^a	8.3 ± 4.3	.009^b	21.6 ± 17.4	.029^a	9.2 ± 3.6	.002^b	4.7 ± 6.6	.284
IL-18R1	47.5 ± 16.0	.027^a	23.4 ± 19.9	.033^a	32.7 ± 12.9	.001^b	54.4 ± 38.8	.017^a	25.6 ± 12.7	.004^b	1.0 ± 0.9	.480
IFN-γR	32.9 ± 8.6	.017^a	17.7 ± 13.6	.043^a	15.4 ± 3.5	.001^b	34.3 ± 25.5	.026^a	9.0 ± 4.5	.044^a	0.3 ± 0.4	.095
TNFR	16.2 ± 3.6	.013^a	10.7 ± 14.4	.112	10.9 ± 9.6	.043^a	18.0 ± 10.7	.009^b	8.3 ± 10.5	.106	0.3 ± 0.5	.242
Network (ii)
CCL27	19.7 ± 5.2	.024^a	5.6 ± 3.0	.025^a	2.9 ± 1.4	.126	22.5 ± 30.6	.110	2.0 ± 0.9	.315	4.3 ± 6.0	.262
CCL28	58.3 ± 18.1	.026^a	26.2 ± 29.0	.072	11.4 ± 9.0	.044^a	14.9 ± 4.9	.002^b	4.1 ± 4.0	.193	6.8 ± 9.7	.236
GCP2	32.9 ± 9.2	.019^a	59.8 ± 54.8	.038^a	23.5 ± 22.2	.045^a	27.9 ± 11.8	.002^b	8.0 ± 8.2	.074	4.9 ± 6.9	.288
IP-10	33.0 ± 4.4	.013^a	22.0 ± 26.5	.099	7.1 ± 5.9	.119	22.5 ± 19.6	.047^a	7.9 ± 3.1	.033^a	7.0 ± 9.9	.254
MCP1	20.6 ± 5.4	.018^a	22.6 ± 14.5	.013^a	9.0 ± 10.7	.094	16.5 ± 20.6	.091	6.9 ± 7.9	.094	0.9 ± 0.8	.454
MCP2	15.6 ± 15.2	.154	35.4 ± 33.0	.041^a	4.9 ± 1.4	.001^b	20.9 ± 19.2	.042^a	6.1 ± 6.9	.096	2.2 ± 2.6	.291
MDC	25.6 ± 8.5	.027^a	23.1 ± 20.5	.037^a	4.5 ± 3.6	.050	16.1 ± 11.9	.022^a	3.3 ± 4.8	.176	6.0 ± 8.5	.246
MIP-1β	19.1 ± 18.6	.151	15.3 ± 17.7	.079	17.1 ± 19.0	.070	22.1 ± 17.1	.024^a	7.0 ± 5.9	.044^a	0.6 ± 0.8	.270
CCR4	24.4 ± 18.9	.111	33.5 ± 21.6	.012^a	14.2 ± 7.4	.006^b	16.4 ± 9.3	.008^b	9.7 ± 7.5	.031^a	3.6 ± 5.1	.279
CCR5	37.8 ± 11.6	.032^a	42.5 ± 38.3	.042^a	27.4 ± 23.7	.043^a	36.4 ± 32.6	.043^a	15.1 ± 7.3	.011^a	1.4 ± 2.0	.494
CCR8	23.6 ± 0.8	.002^b	23.6 ± 10.9	.003^b	15.9 ± 13.9	.040^a	16.9 ± 15.6	.046^a	6.2 ± 9.6	.171	4.3 ± 6.1	.248
CCR9	43.1 ± 16.0	.036^a	19.5 ± 17.1	.041^a	6.6 ± 5.1	.058	22.3 ± 21.1	.049^a	9.2 ± 7.6	.049^a	1.1 ± 1.5	.387
CCR10	34.0 ± 13.4	.039^a	19.0 ± 12.3	.014^a	16.4 ± 10.1	.013^a	14.6 ± 4.6	.001^b	5.7 ± 6.4	.112	4.5 ± 6.3	.244
CCR11	99.4 ± 3.4	.002^b	24.1 ± 31.4	.124	5.8 ± 5.5	.295	10.8 ± 12.4	.165	1.7 ± 1.9	.223	2.9 ± 4.1	.411
CXCR4	12.2 ± 10.1	.126	9.2 ± 2.3	.000^b	6.3 ± 3.5	.011^a	6.5 ± 2.8	.003^b	2.7 ± 1.3	.015^a	2.5 ± 1.3	.141
CXCR6	13.0 ± 7.8	.138	17.8 ± 13.3	.037^a	15.4 ± 6.8	.007^b	16.1 ± 12.8	.047^a	8.1 ± 8.5	.155	3.9 ± 5.5	.360
XCR1	54.0 ± 6.9	.009^b	12.5 ± 13.2	.113	3.4 ± 2.8	.461	8.8 ± 9.9	.167	1.0 ± 0.5	.194	3.7 ± 5.3	.286
MIF	14.4 ± 13.2	.144	12.3 ± 8.7	.019^a	8.3 ± 4.0	.005^b	9.2 ± 7.2	.031^a	4.0 ± 1.6	.004^b	1.9 ± 2.7	.315
ISG15	0.7 ± 0.5	.263	4.0 ± 5.5	.157	5.3 ± 2.0	.003^b	5.1 ± 2.4	.008^b	2.0 ± 2.4	.209	1.0 ± 1.3	.496
Network (iii)
B7-2	48.8 ± 18.3	.039^a	51.1 ± 44.1	.036^a	38.1 ± 17.7	.004^b	25.5 ± 18.7	.027^a	17.6 ± 20.5	.102	8.9 ± 12.6	.249
CD28	79.2 ± 26.0	.026^a	75.3 ± 30.5	.001^b	91.7 ± 48.5	.005^b	90.9 ± 69.6	.021^a	39.3 ± 8.9	.000^b	7.3 ± 10.2	.229
CTLA4	18.1 ± 21.6	.191	7.8 ± 5.4	.020^a	5.2 ± 3.1	.015^a	5.3 ± 3.1	.015^a	2.2 ± 0.6	.014^a	2.2 ± 3.2	.260
ICOS	10.7 ± 14.2	.218	13.5 ± 8.5	.013^a	33.9 ± 31.8	.042^a	19.1 ± 15.2	.027^a	8.3 ± 9.2	.080	2.7 ± 3.8	.295
PDL1	5.4 ± 2.0	.186	6.7 ± 4.1	.031^a	51.5 ± 73.4	.111	14.4 ± 8.3	.012^a	3.8 ± 4.1	.175	0.3 ± 0.3	.377
PDL2	42.0 ± 18.1	.048^a	33.0 ± 31.6	.049^a	13.9 ± 11.1	.041^a	37.7 ± 33.9	.040^a	7.1 ± 8.4	.147	7.3 ± 10.2	.239
PD1	35.0 ± 39.8	.175	15.7 ± 23.1	.126	11.8 ± 8.2	.019^a	12.4 ± 10.9	.040^a	13.1 ± 18.6	.121	3.0 ± 4.2	.293
Network (iv)
C-MAF	47.3 ± 21.1	.045^a	28.8 ± 34.0	.077	15.5 ± 17.6	.075	20.4 ± 21.4	.060	8.4 ± 7.6	.049^a	1.2 ± 1.7	.441
PU.1	49.0 ± 20.2	.038^a	31.8 ± 23.6	.022^a	34.4 ± 19.4	.008^b	47.9 ± 29.3	.010^a	27.6 ± 24.4	.039^a	2.3 ± 2.2	.329
SCM1	52.4 ± 17.4	.027^a	13.8 ± 15.0	.066	3.5 ± 2.7	.048^a	5.9 ± 4.7	.036^a	1.2 ± 1.0	.250	1.8 ± 2.6	.243
T-bet	13.1 ± 11.9	.139	6.7 ± 5.5	.068	2.8 ± 1.6	.205	3.5 ± 2.3	.125	1.8 ± 0.6	.458	1.4 ± 0.5	.066
GATA-3	3.7 ± 2.6	.233	3.4 ± 3.9	.148	7.6 ± 10.3	.110	4.7 ± 5.6	.119	4.3 ± 4.9	.118	UD	UD
STAT1	46.1 ± 17.1	.032^a	85.7 ± 46.1	.005^b	75.7 ± 50.7	.013^a	74.2 ± 37.8	.004^b	21.4 ± 7.9	.001^b	7.2 ± 10.1	.239
STAT6	12.6 ± 3.1	.017^a	20.1 ± 16.9	.032^a	29.5 ± 19.6	.014^a	65.1 ± 59.7	.038^a	22.0 ± 17.7	.028^a	0.5 ± 0.6	.169
FoxP3	4.4 ± 4.0	.391	2.5 ± 1.0	.465	2.0 ± 0.4	.362	1.7 ± 0.5	.302	1.1 ± 0.1	.209	UD	UD
Network (v)
IFN-γ	20.4 ± 24.5	.197	18.8 ± 15.7	.036^a	9.1 ± 7.4	.049^a	54.6 ± 51.6	.043^a	9.8 ± 8.4	.051	5.9 ± 6.6	.240
T-bet	13.1 ± 11.9	.139	6.7 ± 5.5	.068	2.8 ± 1.6	.205	3.5 ± 2.3	.125	1.8 ± 0.6	.458	1.4 ± 0.5	.066
TIM1	37.0 ± 14.4	.039^a	17.6 ± 13.6	.027^a	10.1 ± 10.7	.073	20.3 ± 12.6	.014^a	0.5 ± 0.2	.267	UD	UD
TIM3	26.3 ± 11.5	.043^a	5.4 ± 2.2	.003^b	16.6 ± 22.0	.083	10.5 ± 5.7	.008^b	2.5 ± 0.6	.002^b	UD	UD
IP-10	33.0 ± 4.4	.013^a	22.0 ± 26.5	.099	7.1 ± 5.9	.119	22.5 ± 19.6	.047^a	7.9 ± 3.1	.033^a	7.0 ± 9.9	.254
Network (vi)
GZMA	70.1 ± 25.1	.032^a	96.5 ± 92.7	.044^a	29.0 ± 20.5	.021^a	117.6 ± 114.5	.045^a	8.0 ± 7.2	.091	3.6 ± 3.6	.271
GZMK	15.7 ± 15.7	.174	40.0 ± 28.9	.019^a	79.1 ± 26.5	.001^b	149.9 ± 45.7	.000^b	50.1 ± 42.5	.032^a	5.0 ± 7.1	.280
Network (vii)
TLR2	44.9 ± 7.3	.007^b	16.1 ± 18.6	.077	8.9 ± 4.6	.007^b	7.8 ± 5.1	.019^a	12.7 ± 9.1	.021^a	3.1 ± 4.4	.284
VEGF	UD	UD	19.8 ± 0.2	.000^b	19.2 ± 2.6	.000^b	15.3 ± 0.7	.000^b	8.2 ± 3.2	.003^b	4.9 ± 7.0	.255
MMP-9	12.3 ± 11.3	.140	12.3 ± 10.7	.039^a	9.1 ± 7.8	.040^a	10.9 ± 9.6	.042^a	1.6 ± 0.4	.038^a	6.3 ± 8.9	.256
UBP43	5.6 ± 1.3	.019^a	7.8 ± 8.3	.076	4.4 ± 6.5	.170	15.0 ± 20.1	.107	3.2 ± 3.0	.099	2.0 ± 2.0	.285
ICAM-1	16.0 ± 11.1	.098	9.5 ± 5.9	.014^a	7.7 ± 8.2	.076	10.1 ± 7.5	.027^a	6.8 ± 5.1	.033^a	4.3 ± 5.9	.261
CTSG	6.2 ± 5.0	.327	58.1 ± 55.0	.045^a	62.8 ± 61.0	.048^a	37.0 ± 30.8	.033^a	30.1 ± 27.8	.048^a	8.9 ± 9.8	.192
EDN1	47.4 ± 20.3	.042^a	14.7 ± 8.4	.008^b	5.1 ± 3.2	.021^a	8.8 ± 3.6	.002^b	4.3 ± 4.9	.116	3.5 ± 4.9	.273
SLPI	40.4 ± 7.5	.009^a	17.7 ± 19.1	.066	5.4 ± 6.3	.111	12.9 ± 10.2	.030^a	2.4 ± 2.0	.110	2.2 ± 3.1	.329

NOTE. BCG-induced gene networks were detectable at 1 week after BCG vaccination/infection and were stable over time. Seventy-four genes identified in the initial experiment were longitudinally measured for their expression in peripheral-blood lymphocytes collected from an additional 4 rhesus macaques after intravenous vaccination/infection. Data were calculated as for those in table 3, except that postvaccination expression levels are for multiple time points and that no quantitation was done for genes that were not apparently up-regulated 5 weeks after BCG vaccination (table 3). UD, undetectable; W, week.

P < .05.

P < .01.