Table 1.

The effect of suppression or overproduction of mitochondrial enzymes on GSIS in beta cells

Enzyme	Method	Beta cell type
		INS-1	INS-1E	INS-1 832/13	r-islets	m-islets	Authors [reference no.]
PC	Silencing			–	–		Jensen et al. [36]
	Silencing			↓			Hasan et al. [34]
	Silencing	↓			↓		Xu et al. [35]
	Overproduction	↑					Xu et al. [35]
	Enzyme inhibition				↓		Liu et al. [37]
	Enzyme inhibition	↓					Farfari et al. [40]
PDH	Overproduction PDK4	–					Xu et al. [35]
mGPDH	KO					–	Eto et al. [19]
	KO					–	Brown et al. [26]
cME	Silencing	↓					Pongratz et al. [42]
	Silencing			↓			Guay et al. [43]
	Silencing			–			Brown et al. [48]
	Silencing			↓	–		Ronnebaum et al. [44]
	Silencing					↓	Xu et al. [45]
	KO					–	Ronnebaum et al. [44]
mME	Silencing	–					Pongratz et al. [42]
	Silencing			↓	–		Ronnebaum et al. [44]
	Silencing			–			Brown et al. [48]
ACL	Silencing			↓			Guay et al. [43]
	Silencing	–					MacDonald et al. [60]
	Silencing			–	–		Joseph et al. [53]
ACC1	Silencing			↓			Ronnebaum et al. [59]
	Enzyme inhibition			↓	↓		MacDonald et al. [52]
FAS	Silencing			–	–		Joseph et al. [53]
	Enzyme inhibition			↓	↓		MacDonald et al. [52]
ICD	Silencing			↓	↓		Ronnebaum et al. [62]
CIC	Silencing			↓	↓		Joseph et al. [61]
ATP-SCS	Silencing			–	–		Kibbey et al. [63]
GTP-SCS	Silencing			↓	↓		Kibbey et al. [63]
PEPCK-M	Silencing			↓			Stark et al. [65]
GDH	Overproduction		↑		↑	↑	Carobbio et al. [69]
	Gain of function mutant					–	Tanizawa et al. [73]
	Beta cell KO					Partial reduction	Carobbio et al. [77]
GC1	Silencing		Partial reduction				Casimir et al. [78]

↑ increased; ↓ decreased; – not changed; ATP-SCS, ATP-dependent succinyl-CoA synthetase; CIC, citrate/isocitrate carrier; GC1, glutamate carrier 1; ICD, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; KO, knockout