. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 15.

Published in final edited form as: Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Feb;72(2):454–469. doi: 10.3758/APP.72.2.454

Table 4.

Results Using the Metrics from [Middlebrooks 1999].

	Middlebrooks^a	HMD^b		Dark^b		Trained^c

		Head	Manual	Head	Manual	Head	Manual
lateral bias (deg)	3.1 ± 3.9	0.4	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.7	−0.2
lateral RMS error (deg)	14.5 ± 2.2	14.4	15.1	17.9	18.6	12.4	12.3
local RMS polar error (deg)	28.7 ± 4.7	37.3	37.5	37.6	37.9	30.9	32.7
elevation bias (deg)	10.2 ± 6.6	7.7	8.3	10.9	11.6	2.5	4.6
quadrant error (%)	7.7 ± 8.0	20.8	19.2	22.2	20.7	11.1	7.8

Note.

Middlebrooks shows the data (± standard deviation over subjects) from [Middlebrooks 1999], his Table I.

HMD and Dark show the results from experiment 1.

Trained shows the results from experiment 2.