Table 2. Partitioning of the diversity in dispersal along the phylogeny of European butterflies: permutation tests (N = 1000 permutations).

Metric a	Statistic b	Hypothesis	Alternative	P c
Dispersal fraction	S 3 = 0.417	Skewness to root	2-sided	0.076
	S c = 0.307	Intra-specific conservation	Less	0.092
Alpha1	S 3 = 0.578	Skewness to root	2-sided	0.583
	S c = 0.570	Intra-specific conservation	Less	0.628
Alpha2	S 3 = 0.319	Skewness to root	2-sided	0.014d
	S c = 0.127	Intra-specific conservation	Less	0.092
P5km	S 3 = 0.307	Skewness to root	2-sided	0.008d
	S c = 0.188	Intra-specific conservation	Less	0.102
Daily moves	S 3 = 0.381	Skewness to root	2-sided	0.036d
	S c = 0.119	Intra-specific conservation	Less	0.015
FstL	S 3 = 0.450	Skewness to root	2-sided	0.055
	S c = 0.277	Intra-specific conservation	Less	0.008
FstR	S 3 = 0.435	Skewness to root	2-sided	0.583
	S c = 0.233	Intra-specific conservation	Less	0.384
FstC	S 3 = 0.549	Skewness to root	2-sided	0.583
	S c = 0.104	Intra-specific conservation	Less	0.054

^aReplicates of a dispersal measurement for a given species are treated as if they were from virtual sister-taxa descending from an artificial terminal node in enlarged trees (see methods). Metrics are as in Table 1.

^bTest S₃ from Pavoine et al. [13]. S_c is the proportion of dispersal diversity attributed to within-species variability.

^cP: P-values corrected for multiple comparisons.

^dThe diversity is significantly skewed towards nodes that were the most distant from tips in the original phylogeny (with 369 butterfly species considered).