Table 2.

Comparison of overall self-reported neurocognitive functioning outcomes between non-central nervous system (CNS) cancer survivors and their siblings^*

		Task efficiency				Organization				Memory				Emotional regulation
Group	No.	Mean Tscore (SD)	P†	% Impaired‡	P	Mean T score (SD)	P	% Impaired	P	Mean T score (SD)	P	% Impaired	P	Mean T score (SD)	P	% Impaired	P
Siblings	382	50.0 (48.7–51.3)	Ref	7.3 (4.7–9.9)	Ref	50.0 (48.7–51.3)	Ref	12.0 (8.8–15.3)	Ref	50.0 (48.7–51.3)	Ref	7.6 (4.9–10.3)	Ref	50.0 (48.7–51.3)	Ref	14.4 (10.9–17.9)	Ref
Total non-CNS cancer survivors	5937	52.6 (52.2–53.1)	<.001	13.0 (12.1–13.8)	.005	49.9 (49.5–50.2)	.71	12.4 (11.6–13.3)	.991	51.5 (51.1–51.9)	.005	12.5 (11.7–13.4)	.01	51.8 (51.4–52.2)	.004	21.2 (20.1–22.2)	.003
Diagnosis group
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	1939	54.7 (53.9–55.5)	<.001	16.3 (14.6–17.9)	<.001	49.5 (48.9–50.1)	.47	12.3 (10.8–13.7)	.95	52.9 (52.2–53.7)	<.001	14.3 (12.8–15.9)	.004	52.6 (51.9–53.2)	<.001	26.4 (24.4–28.4)	<.001
−CRT	624	51.7 (50.4–52.9)	.75	11.1 (8.6–13.5)	.16	49.1 (48.1–50.1)	.18	11.9 (9.3–14.4)	.70	50.7 (49.5–51.9)	.49	13.0 (10.3–15.6)	.21	51.8 (50.7–52.9)	.31	19.2 (16.1–22.3)	.37
+CRT	1168	56.3 (55.3–57.4)	<.001	18.1 (15.9–20.3)	<.001	49.7 (49.0–50.5)	.62	12.6 (10.7–14.5)	.95	53.9 (53.0–54.9)	<.001	14.8 (12.8–16.9)	.003	53.0 (52.2–53.8)	<.001	30.6 (27.9–33.2)	<.001
Myeloid leukemia (AML or CML)	292	54.5 (52.5–56.6)	<.001	14.7 (10.7–18.8)	.005	49.9 (48.3–51.4)	.84	12.3 (8.6–16.1)	.97	52.4 (50.5–54.2)	.006	13.4 (9.5–17.3)	.04	52.2 (50.5–53.8)	.03	27.1 (22.0–32.2)	<.001
−CRT	120	51.7 (48.7–54.8)	.60	7.5 (2.8–12.2)	.83	49.2 (46.8–51.5)	.41	11.7 (5.9–17.4)	.78	49.4 (46.8–52.0)	.46	15.0 (8.6–21.4)	.10	52.2 (49.6–54.8)	.26	20.0 (12.8–27.2)	.35
+CRT	156	57.5 (54.5–60.4)	<.001	21.2 (14.8–27.6)	<.001	50.5 (48.4–52.7)	.61	12.8 (7.6–18.1)	.86	55.1 (52.5–57.7)	<.001	12.8 (7.6–18.1)	.09	52.5 (50.3–54.8)	.02	34.0 (26.5–41.4)	<.001
Hodgkin disease	908	51.2 (50.2–52.2)	.03	12.1 (10.0–14.2)	.05	49.9 (49.1–50.8)	.52	12.0 (9.9–14.1)	.81	51.5 (50.6–52.5)	.07	11.9 (9.8–14.0)	.006	51.6 (50.6–52.5)	.003	15.8 (13.4–18.1)	.35
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	509	51.8 (50.5–53.2)	.002	14.0 (10.9–17.0)	.002	50.1 (48.9–51.2)	.96	13.0 (10.1–15.9)	.73	51.8 (50.4–53.2)	.005	13.0 (10.1–15.9)	.001	51.8 (50.6–53.1)	<.001	20.4 (16.9–23.9)	.006
Neuroblastoma	433	52.3 (50.7–53.9)	.06	12.0 (9.0–15.1)	.04	49.8 (48.5–51.2)	.94	13.4 (10.2–16.6)	.76	50.0 (48.5–51.4)	.72	11.3 (8.3–14.3)	.51	51.3 (49.9–52.7)	.72	20.8 (17.0–24.6)	.07
Soft tissue sarcoma	613	51.4 (50.2–52.7)	.03	10.4 (8.0–12.9)	.16	50.1 (49.1–51.1)	.99	10.8 (8.3–13.2)	.46	50.3 (49.1–51.5)	.63	9.8 (7.4–12.1)	.21	50.8 (49.7–51.9)	.23	17.9 (14.9–21.0)	.11
Osteosarcoma	382	51.8 (50.2–53.4)	.01	10.0 (7.0–13.0)	.39	50.7 (49.4–52.0)	.53	15.2 (11.6–18.8)	.25	50.7 (49.2–52.2)	.69	10.7 (7.6–13.8)	.08	51.6 (50.2–52.9)	.02	19.4 (15.4–23.3)	.05
Ewings and other bone tumors	212	50.8 (48.9–52.8)	.25	8.5 (4.7–12.2)	.83	49.8 (48.2–51.5)	.68	10.9 (6.7–15.0)	.60	50.3 (48.4–52.2)	.88	9.0 (5.1–12.8)	.41	50.1 (48.2–52.0)	.84	16.0 (11.1–21.0)	.46
Wilms tumor	649	50.9 (49.7–52.1)	.78	9.2 (7.0–11.5)	.42	49.8 (48.8–50.9)	.93	12.8 (10.2–15.4)	.91	49.7 (48.6–50.8)	.87	12.9 (10.4–15.5)	.12	51.5 (50.3–52.6)	.50	17.0 (14.1–19.8)	.56

^*Data are the mean raw score T score values. Comparisons were adjusted for age, sex, and race. AML = acute myelogenous leukemia; CML = chronic myelogenous leukemia; CRT = cranial radiation therapy.

^†Survivors and siblings were compared using regressions with the modification by generalized estimating equations to account for potential within-family correlations, adjusted for age, sex, and race. All statistical tests were two-sided.

^‡Percentages of patients with scores in the worst 10% range of siblings’ scores (ie, a T score of ≥63).