Table 1. Non-histone substrates and interacting proteins of SIRT1.

SIRT1 Deacetylation Substrate	Consequence of Deacetylation	Biological Outcome	References
AR	Inhibition	Transcriptional repression of target gene	[48, 49]
BMAL1	Inhibition of BMAL1-CRY1 interaction, leading to transcription activation	Maintenance of circadian clock	[46, 105]
E2F1	Inhibition	Anti-apoptotic, negative feedback regulation of SIRT1 expression	[129]
ERα	Inhibition of DNA binding activity	Transcriptional repression of target gene	[47]
FOXO1, FOXO3a, FOXO4	Inhibition or activation, context dependent	Regulation of stress resistance, cell survival, angiogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and adipocyte function	[44, 45, 61, 76, 130-133]
Ku70	Activation	Anti-apoptotic	[58]
HIF-2α	Activation	Positive regulation of stress response to hypoxia	[51]
LXR	Ubiquitylation and activation of LXR	Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis	[50]
MEF2	Repression of target gene expression	Negative regulation of myogenesis	[134]
MyoD	Repression of target gene expression	Negative regulation of myogenesis	[135]
p53	Inhibition	Anti-apoptotic, cell survival	[42, 43, 136, 137]
p73	Inhibition	Anti-apoptotic	[138]
p300	Inhibition of HAT activity	Transcription repression	[28]
PCAF	Inhibition of p73 expression	Negative regulation of the E2F1/p73 apoptotic pathway	[139]
PCAF and GCN5	Deacetylation of PCAF and MyoD in a SIRT1/PCAF/MyoD complex, repression of target gene expression	Negative regulation of myogenesis	[135]
Per2	Per2 degradation and activation of target gene transcription	Maintenance of circadian clock	[106]
PGC-1a	Activation	Regulation of mitochondrial function and glucose and lipid metabolism	[52-57]
RelA/p65 (NF-κB)	Inhibition	Pro-apoptotic in response to TNFα; anti-apoptotic in neuronal cells	[140, 141]
Smad7	Ubiquitylation and degradation of Smad7	Inhibition of TGFβ-induced apoptosis	[142]
Sox9	Activation	Activation of cartilage-specific gene expression	[103]
SUV39H1	Activation	H3K9 trimethylation, reduced rRNA transcription	[30, 31]
TAFI68	Inhibition of DNA binding activity	Repression of RNA Pol I-dependent rRNA transcription	[143]
SIRT1 Interacting Protein	Consequence of interaction	Biological Outcome	References
CTIP1 and CTIP2	H3 and H4 deacetylation	Transcription repression	[144, 145]
HES1 and HEY2	Transcription repression	Regulation of cell differentiation	[146, 147]
HIC1	Recruitment of SIRT1 to its own promoter	Feedback inhibition of SIRT1 expression	[148]
NCoR and SMRT	Transcription repression	Inhibition of PPARγ-dependent gene expression in adipocytes	[149]
Tat	Recycling of Tat	Activation of HIV transcription	[150]