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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 16.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS Behav. 2008 Jul 25;13(1):110–117. doi: 10.1007/s10461-008-9434-9

Table I.

Gender differences on WHOQOL- HIV 120 facets and domains

Variables Male Female t value
Mean SD Mean SD
Pain and discomfort 4.38 0.78 4.21 0.71 1.18
Energy and fatigue 3.64 0.51 3.49 0.47 1.63
Sleep and rest 4.32 0.68 4.16 0.72 1.18
Symptoms of PLWHA 3.76 0.90 3.75 0.81 0.04
Positive Feelings 3.12 0.51 2.90 0.56 2.09*
Thinking, learning, memory and concentration 3.90 0.38 3.83 0.39 0.94
Self-esteem 3.71 0.63 3.67 0.45 0.39
Body image and appearance 4.51 0.53 4.47 0.39 0.50
Negative feelings 4.25 0.74 4.03 0.74 1.49
Mobility 4.24 0.63 4.12 0.50 1.04
Activities of daily living 4.43 0.71 4.42 0.52 0.05
Dependence on medication and treatment 3.69 1.02 4.02 0.81 1.89
Work capacity 4.07 0.82 4.00 0.52 0.50
Personal relationships 3.69 0.60 3.64 0.58 0.44
Social support 2.95 0.74 3.07 0.73 0.86
Sexual activity 3.47 0.69 3.15 0.62 2.48*
Social inclusion 3.01 0.80 3.24 0.66 1.65
Physical safety and security 3.50 0.60 3.36 0.70 1.08
Home environment 3.65 0.49 3.55 0.46 1.03
Financial resources 3.14 0.73 2.85 0.65 2.21*
Health and social care 4.00 0.30 3.91 0.30 1.46
Opportunities for acquiring new information and skills 3.86 0.49 3.76 0.39 1.21
Opportunities for recreation and leisure activities 3.46 0.68 3.36 0.46 0.90
Physical environment 4.37 0.57 4.17 0.67 1.68
Transport 4.22 0.61 3.95 0.71 2.09*
Spiritual/religious personal beliefs 3.66 0.73 3.64 0.64 0.08
Forgiveness and blame 2.93 0.83 4.14 0.64 8.64***
Concerns about the future 3.20 0.92 3.44 0.81 1.48
Death and dying 3.47 1.08 3.33 0.95 0.69
Domain 1- Physical 16.15 2.26 15.61 2.17 1.26
Domain 2- Psychological 15.58 1.90 15.11 1.56 1.44
Domain 3- Level of Independence 16.41 2.42 16.56 1.75 0.37
Domain 4- Social Relationships 13.17 2.41 13.11 2.17 0.14
Domain 5- Environment 15.08 1.46 14.46 1.37 2.29*
Domain 6- Spirituality/Religion/Personal Beliefs 13.31 2.59 14.56 2.26 2.70**
*

p<0.05

**

p<0.01

***

p<0.001