Table 1.
Quantification of organic acids, amino acids, aldehydes, ketones, or alcohols produced by N-2A cells after treatment with variation in GLU ± MPP+ for 24 h at 37°C
| Blank | Aerobic Cells | Aerobic 10 mM GLU | Anaerobic 10 mM GLU + MPP+ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organic acids (mM) | ||||
| Oxalic acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| B-OH butyric acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| cis-Aconitate | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Oxaloacetate | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Citric acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Isocitric acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| A-ketoglutarate | ND | 0.006±0.001* | 0.008±0.001* | 0.02±0.003* |
| Glyoxylate | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Isobutyric acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Malate/pyruvate | 2.6±0.31 | 0.33±0.031* | 0.54±0.046* | 0.85±0.093* |
| Malonic acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Succinic acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Glycolic acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Lactic acid | ND | 7.5±0.48* | 12.4±1.25* | 18.1±1.8* |
| Formic acid | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Acetic acid | ND | 0.83±0.137* | 1.3±0.147* | 2.7±0.390* |
| Fumaric acid | ND | .006±.001* | .006±.001* | .005±.001* |
| Aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and acetoin | ||||
| Acetaldehyde/aldehydes | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Ketones | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Acetoin | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Butanol, isopropanol | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Ethanol | ND | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Amino acids (μM) | ||||
| Alanine | ND | 1,677.62±52.56* | 1,527.29±68.91* | 525.78±45.25* |
| Arginine | 322.45±2.00 | 322.25±3.31 | 260.64±12.49* | 283.37±6.57* |
| Asparagine | ND | 202.15±2.13* | 181.93±7.75* | 58.15±7.12* |
| Aspartic acid | ND | 84.82±4.91* | 52.88±6.18* | 35.07±4.32* |
| Cysteine/phenylalanine | 14.41±5.34 | 43.04±10.23* | 4.90±2.45* | 7.06±2.55* |
| Cysteine | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| GABA | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Glutamate | ND | 285.51±9.71 | 220.99±8.38* | 111.23±9.59* |
| Glutamine | 2,868.20±32.79 | 697.50±36.42* | 845.05±33.73* | 2,370±91.73* |
| Glycine/threonine | 524.10±15.40 | 899.32±7.23* | 724.25±58.92* | 510.58±46.15 |
| Histidine | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Isoleucine | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Lysine | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Methionine | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Serine | 327.93±7.70 | 54.51±4.78* | 250.58±14.61* | 390.29±15.78* |
| Taurine | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Tryptophan | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Tyrosine | 447.00±13.45 | 492.10±18.15* | 473.96±16.78* | 398.21±12.48* |
The data represent concentration of metabolic products and are expressed as the mean ± SEM (N=3). Statistical differences from the blank media controls (incubated under the same conditions) and cell-treated samples were determined by a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test
*
P<0.05