Table 2.

Biological activities of transmembrane TNF-α as a receptor

tmTNF-expressing cells	Function	Reference
T cell	E-selectin expression,	[72]
	Production of IL-2 and IFN-γ	[62]
	Alloresponse against endothelial cells	[73]
Monocyte/macrophage	Down-regulation of LPS-induced soluble TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 and IL-10	[74]
	Sensitization to soluble TNF-induced activation (pre-stimulation) or reduction of mRNA stability of IL-1β and IL-8 (post-stimulation)	[75]
	TNF-α production	[71]
NK cell	Increased cytotoxicity by up-regulation of perforin and granzyme B	[76]

tmTNF: transmembrane TNF-α.