TABLE 5.

Examples of exogenous factors that can induce or aggravate hypertension

Prescription drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors

Corticosteroids and anabolic steroids

Oral contraceptive and sex hormones

Vasoconstricting or sympathomimetic decongestants

Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin, tacrolimus)

Erythropoietin and analogues

Antidepressants: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Midodrine

Other substances

Licorice root

Stimulants including cocaine

Salt

Excessive alcohol use

Reprinted with permission from the Canadian Hypertension Education Program