Table 1.
Phenotypic characteristics of control, H, and HX and adaptations to exercise
| Parameter | C | H | HX | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight, kg | 59 ± 2 | 59 ± 4 | 58 ± 3 | None |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 52 ± 4 | 466 ± 78 | 393 ± 112 | C < H, HX |
| LDL, mg/dl | 14 ± 3 | 408 ± 72 | 332 ± 115 | C < H, HX |
| HDL, mg/dl | 30 ± 3 | 51 ± 4 | 50 ± 8 | C < H, HX |
| LDL/HDL | 0.53 ± 0.1 | 7.97 ± 0.8 | 7.75 ± 3.4 | C < H, HX |
| TG, mg/dl | 34 ± 5 | 41 ± 9 | 61 ± 34 | None |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 77 ± 4 | 76 ± 6 | 86 ± 6 | None |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 50 ± 4 | 52 ± 6 | 57 ± 6 | None |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 88 ± 6 | 77 ± 9 | 105 ± 9 | None |
| MAP, mmHg | 59 ± 4 | 60 ± 6 | 67 ± 6 | None |
| RPP, beats/min·mmHg | 6,730 ± 580 | 5,800 ± 820 | 9,000 ± 820 | None |
| CSA, mm2 | 12 ± 3 | 12 ± 2 | 12 ± 3 | None |
| Heart wt, g | 235 ± 12 | 265 ± 18 | 236 ± 7 | None |
| Submaximal stress test exercise heart rate, beats/min | ||||
| Start exercise training | 200 ± 30 | |||
| Mid exercise training | 160 ± 40 | |||
| End exercise training | 160 ± 10 | End < Start training |
Values are means ± SE. Male Yucatan swine were on a control diet (C); on a high-fat/cholesterol diet (H); or on a high-fat/cholesterol diet and aerobically exercise trained (HX). LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RPP, rate-pressure product; CSA, conduit cross-sectional area. Statistical significance at P < 0.05.