Fig. 1.

Evaluation of heterogeneous stock (HS) rats for proteinuria. A: schematic drawing of time course (weeks 8–40) and measured parameters. B: development of proteinuria in individual HS rats from 8 to 40 wk of age. Horizontal line represents the threshold for “proteinuria” (>20 mg/24 h) (10). Except for week 8, urine was collected twice at each time point, and the average is presented. Animals denoted by an H exhibited persistent hematuria (50–250 erythrocytes/μl) defined by ≥3 positive dipstick urine samples (i.e., weeks 24, 32, and 40). Animals denoted by a G exhibited persistent glucosuria also defined by ≥3 positive dipstick urine samples ranging from 50 to 100 mg/dl. U denotes the animal that exhibited unilateral renal agenesis (URA; observed on euthanasia). Line arrows (bottom) indicate HS rats from the same parents.