Fig. 1.

Proposed alterations in brain circuitry (top) and the resulting process abnormalities in anxiety and depression. Briefly, “noisy” afferent interoceptive information results combined belief-based associations lead to an attempt of the cognitive control apparatus to differentiate predictive from non-predictive signals. The resulting experience (bottom) consists of amplified interoceptive afferents that are associated with carry poor differentiation of stimuli that carry predictive outcomes and create constant uncertainty for the future. More details are described in the text