Table 1.
Means and Standard Deviations of Key Variables by Age
| Variable | 14 years |
15 years |
16 years |
17 years |
18 years |
19 years |
20 years |
21 years |
22 years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| Antisocial behavior | 4.41 (4.35) | 3.88 (3.99) | 3.72 (3.97) | 3.34 (3.78) | 2.47 (3.32) | 1.91 (2.81) | 1.56 (2.46) | 1.35 (2.35) | 1.10 (1.92) |
| Resistance to peer influence | 2.92 (0.55) | 2.94 (0.57) | 3.02 (0.54) | 3.09 (0.53) | 3.20 (0.50) | 3.28 (0.50) | 3.32 (0.51) | 3.36 (0.52) | 3.34 (0.54) |
| Antisocial peer composite | 0.19 (0.60) | 0.19 (0.59) | 0.20 (0.58) | 0.23 (0.56) | 0.23 (0.54) | 0.22 (0.54) | 0.23 (0.54) | 0.23 (0.54) | 0.22 (0.53) |
| Antisocial peer behaviora | 2.13 (0.94) | 2.06 (0.89) | 2.09 (0.88) | 2.05 (0.85) | 1.84 (0.75) | 1.70 (0.69) | 1.67 (0.69) | 1.66 (0.76) | 1.55 (0.68) |
| Antisocial peer influencea | 1.59 (0.75) | 1.57 (0.74) | 1.62 (0.78) | 1.62 (0.73) | 1.53 (0.68) | 1.43 (0.61) | 1.42 (0.58) | 1.41 (0.63) | 1.41 (0.64) |
| Peers arresteda,b | 0.39 (0.35) | 0.39 (0.36) | 0.44 (0.36) | 0.49 (0.36) | 0.49 (0.35) | 0.48 (0.36) | 0.48 (0.39) | 0.48 (0.41) | 0.51 (0.42) |
| Peers jaileda,c | 0.60 (0.42) | 0.46 (0.41) | 0.46 (0.39) | 0.45 (0.39) | 0.42 (0.36) | 0.38 (0.35) | 0.40 (0.39) | 0.40 (0.40) | 0.40 (0.40) |
a
Measure was used in the antisocial peer composite measure.
b
Self-reported proportion of closest friends who were arrested.
c
Self-reported proportion of closest friends who were jailed.