Table 3.

Analysis of variance for the effect of population and accessions (nested within population) on concentrations of grain protein (GPC), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in populations of wild emmer wheat from Israel, grown in the 2007 and 2008 experiments

		GPC (%)		Zn (mg kg−1)		Fe (mg kg−1)
Population		2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Ammiad		22·10 c	24·41 ab	84·43 b	62·96 abcd	23·35 c	56·85 abc
Beit-Oren		22·67 bc	23·58 bc	70·06 c	57·84 bcde	18·65 d	49·95 cde
Givat Koach		24·43 a	25·35 a	84·26 b	64·55 abc	29·22 ab	53·91 bcd
Kokhav Hayarden		23·23 abc	25·46 a	84·03 b	58·41 bcde	31·76 a	62·76 a
Mt. Gilbboa		22·98 abc	25·38 ab	79·18 bc	47·48 e	31·50 ab	52·88 abcde
Mt. Hermon		22·13 bc	21·83 d	76·46 bc	50·98 e	23·08 cd	44·40 e
Rosh Pinna		22·32 bc	22·92 cd	81·61 b	56·49 cde	26·66 bc	49·81 de
Tabigha (Basalt)		21·90 c	23·89 abc	85·25 b	61·91 abcd	23·73 c	54·50 bcd
Tabigha (Terra rossa)		23·49 ab	24·78 ab	94·66 a	67·97 ab	28·33 ab	55·99 abcd
Yehudiyya		24·30 a	25·54 a	79·17 bc	68·05 a	23·06 cd	59·76 ab
Upper Ma'ale Merav		-	25·27 ab	-	64·08 abc	-	57·82 abc
Lower Ma'ale Merav		-	24·92 ab	-	52·64 de	-	59·13 ab
Source of variance†	d.f.‡	Sum of squares
Between populations (αi)	9, 11	101***	301***	6800***	7419***	2665***	6025***
Within population (Lj(αi))	35, 40	156***	469***	12013***	14266***	2978***	5275***
Block (βk)	4, 5	14·79 (P = 0·05)	143***	789*	2,607***	138 (P = 0·09)	40897***

Within each nutrient, means followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0·05; Student's t-test).

Asterisks indicate significance at *P ≤ 0·05, ***P ≤ 0·001; n.s., non-significant effect.

^† Tested model: Y_ijk = μ+ α_i + L_j(αi) + β_k + e_ijk.

^‡ Number of degrees of freedom corresponding to 2007 and 2008, respectively