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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Apr 20;16(9):2489–2495. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2318

Table 1.

Mechanisms of Resistance to EGFR-Targeted Therapies

EGFR Mutations

  • Extracellular domain (EGFRvIII)

  • Tyrosine kinase domain (T790M)
Ras Mutations

  • K-ras mutations

  • H-ras mutations
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

  • Increased vimentin expression

  • Decreased E-Cadherin expression

  • Decreased Claudins 4 & 7 expression
Activation of Alternative/Downstream Pathways

  • Cyclin D1 upregulation

  • PTEN mutations

  • PI3KCA mutations

  • Akt Amplification