Table 3.

Gene deletion and overexpression strategies for ethanol production in E. coli.

Deleted Genes					Overexpressed Genes	Growth Rate (hr-1)	Ethanol Yield (%)
fnr	pflB	tdcE	pgi		edd	0.225	86.2
fnr	pflB	tdcE	pgi	ptsH	edd       fbp	0.182	90.4
fnr	pflB	tdcE	tpiA		edd	0.235	90.5
fnr	pflB	tdcE	tpiA	gdhA	edd	0.214	91.4
arcA	pta	eutD	tpiA	ptsH	edd	0.192	91.6

In addition to gene deletions, overexpressed genes are identified to further improve ethanol production. The maximum number of overexpressed genes was limited to two for all cases, and strategies including less than four gene deletions are not shown due to the negligible increase in ethanol yields by gene overexpression.