FIG. 2.
Stall force in a bulk electrolyte. (a) Stall force F versus simulation time at various strengths of the external electric field E, from 0.125 to 1.0 V per 6.4 nm. Accordingly, the electric force QE on bare DNA varies from 125 to 1000 pN. The horizontal lines indicate the average values of the force computed for the last 20 ns of each trajectory. (b) Stall force versus total electric force on bare DNA. (c) Ion density versus distance from the DNA central axis. (d) Velocity of the electroosmotic flow versus distance from the DNA central axis.