FIG. 3.

Dependence of stall force on electrolyte viscosity. (a) Spring force versus time in simulations performed at various values of the damping rate γ of the Langevin thermostat. Increasing γ effectively increases the electrolyte viscosity. All simulations were performed under the same external electric field E= 500 pN/Q. (b) The radial distribution (from the DNA central axis) of the cumulative net charge of the electrolyte, normalized by the bare charge Q of DNA. (c) The friction coefficients ξ (left ordinate) and electrophoretic mobility μ (right ordinate) determined independently from MD simulations. (d) The spring force from panel (a) normalized by ξμE.