Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants of Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS), by isolated systolic hypertension,* before and after propensity score matching
| n (%) or mean (±SD) | Before matching | After matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated systolic hypertension |
P value | Isolated systolic hypertension |
P value | |||
| No (n=3248) | Yes (n=2000) | No (n=1260) | Yes (n=1260) | |||
| Age, years | 72 (±5) | 75 (±6) | <0.0001 | 74 (±5) | 73 (±6) | 0.680 |
| Female | 1828 (56%) | 1234 (62%) | <0.0001 | 758 (60%) | 754 (60%) | 0.903 |
| Non-white | 428 (13%) | 359 (18%) | <0.0001 | 196 (16%) | 188 (15%) | 0.700 |
| Married | 2233 (69%) | 1272 (64%) | <0.0001 | 815 (65%) | 823 (65%) | 0.766 |
| Living alone | 381 (12%) | 275 (14%) | 0.032 | 166 (13%) | 160 (13%) | 0.764 |
| ≥College education | 1432 (44%) | 831 (42%) | 0.071 | 520 (41%) | 542 (43%) | 0.393 |
| ≥$25 thousand income | 1262 (39%) | 647 (32%) | <0.0001 | 426 (34%) | 444 (35%) | 0.476 |
| Current smoker | 438 (14%) | 208 (10%) | 0.001 | 141 (11%) | 137 (11%) | 0.849 |
| Alcohol, units/week | 2.4 (± 6.0) | 2.6 ± (6.8) | 0..395 | 2.6 (±6.8) | 2.6 (±6.6) | 0.856 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26 (±4) | 27 (±4) | <0.0001 | 27 (±4) | 27 (±4) | 0.432 |
| Self-reported fair to poor general health | 697 (22%) | 531 (27%) | <0.0001 | 307 (24%) | 312 (25%) | 0.857 |
| Myocardial infarction | 274 (8%) | 147 (7%) | 0.160 | 93 (7%) | 97 (8%) | 0.815 |
| Current angina | 559 (17%) | 342 (17%) | 0.918 | 203 (16%) | 207 (16%) | 0.872 |
| Hypertension | 953 (29%) | 1238 (62%) | <0.0001 | 604 (48%) | 597 (47%) | 0.787 |
| Diabetes | 443 (14%) | 373 (19%) | <0.0001 | 211 (17%) | 211 (17%) | 1.000 |
| Atrial fibrillation by ECG | 67 (2%) | 40 (2%) | 0.876 | 25 (2%) | 31 (3%) | 0.504 |
| LVH by ECG | 70 (2%) | 146 (7%) | <0.0001 | 51 (4%) | 60 (5%) | 0.417 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 149 (5%) | 136 (7%) | 0.001 | 70 (6%) | 68 (5%) | 0.928 |
| Stroke | 104 (3%) | 96 (5%) | 0.003 | 43 (3%) | 46 (4%) | 0.830 |
| Claudication | 58 (2%) | 58 (3%) | 0.008 | 27 (2%) | 31 (3%) | 0.689 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 400 (12%) | 256 (13%) | 0.606 | 156 (12%) | 155 (12%) | 1.000 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 619 (19%) | 464 (23%) | <0.0001 | 264 (21%) | 267 (21%) | 0.922 |
| Cancer | 483 (15%) | 272 (14%) | 0.203 | 178 (14%) | 183 (15%) | 0.822 |
| Medications | ||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 157 (5%) | 179 (9%) | <0.0001 | 106 (8%) | 97 (8%) | 0.550 |
| Beta blockers | 380 (12%) | 278 (14%) | 0.019 | 165 (13%) | 172 (14%) | 0.729 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 335 (10%) | 316 (16%) | <0.0001 | 156 (12%) | 151 (12%) | 0.806 |
| Aspirin | 111 (3%) | 72 (4%) | 0.726 | 47 (4%) | 44 (4%) | 0.832 |
| Statins | 73 (2%) | 45 (2%) | 0.995 | 29 (2%) | 27 (2%) | 0.894 |
| Loop diuretics | 149 (5%) | 104 (5%) | 0.314 | 58 (5%) | 61 (5%) | 0.853 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 328 (10%) | 261 (13%) | 0.001 | 157 (13%) | 161 (13%) | 0.859 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | 22 (1%) | 20 (1%) | 0.203 | 14 (1%) | 12 (1%) | 0.845 |
| NSAIDs | 378 (12%) | 284 (14%) | 0.007 | 160 (13%) | 168 (13%) | 0.679 |
| Pulse rate, beats/min | 68 (±11) | 68 (±12) | 0.811 | 68 (±10) | 68 (±12) | 0.739 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 67 (±9) | 74 (±10) | <0.0001 | 71 (±8) | 71 (±10) | 0.836 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.95 (±0.39) | 0.96 (±0.37) | 0.164 | 0.94 (±0.32) | 0.95 (±0.38) | 0.481 |
| Serum uric acid, mg/dL | 5.63 (±1.49) | 5.66 (±1.52) | 0.484 | 5.67 (±1.51) | 5.67 (±1.53) | 0.973 |
| Plasma glucose, mg/dL | 109 (±36.5) | 112 (±36.4) | 0.001 | 111 (±37.1) | 112 (±36.3) | 0.657 |
| Serum insulin, mcU/mL | 16 (±21) | 18 (±29) | 0.030 | 17 (±21) | 17 (±23) | 0.997 |
| Serum potassium, mEq/L | 4.19 (±0.36) | 4.13 (±0.39) | <0.0001 | 4.16 (±0.38) | 4.16 (±0.39) | 0.751 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 210 (±39) | 214 (±39) | 0.001 | 213 (±39) | 213 (±39) | 0.949 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 138 (±74) | 143 (±81) | 0.025 | 139 (±72) | 143 (±77) | 0.157 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.99 (±0.29) | 4.00 (±0.29) | 0.179 | 4.00 (±0.29) | 4.00 (±0.29) | 0.862 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 318 (±71) | 319 (±75) | 0.382 | 318 (±72) | 318 (±75) | 0.896 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 4.4 (±7.6) | 4.9 (±8.5) | 0.030 | 4.7 (±7.9) | 4.9 (±8.4) | 0.585 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.1 (±1.4) | 14.0 (±1.4) | 0.012 | 14.0 (±1.3) | 14.0 (±1.5) | 0.914 |
| White blood cell, 103/μL | 6.23 (±2.07) | 6.34 (±2.14) | 0.066 | 6.25 (±1.84) | 6.30 (±1.78) | 0.481 |
| Platelet, 103/μL | 243 (±66) | 246 (±69) | 0.051 | 245 (±64) | 247 (±69) | 0.403 |
*
Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as average systolic blood pressure ≥140 and diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg; ACE=angiotensin converting enzyme; ECG=electrocardiography; LVH=left ventricular hypertrophy; MI=myocardial infarction; NSAID=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug