Table 2.
Age-Adjusted, Category-Specific Death Ratesa Comparing Panel 1 Participants and Non-Participants for the Millennium Cohort Study, United States, July 1, 2001-December 31, 2006
| Baseline Characteristics | Panel 1 Participantsb n = 76,960 No. of deaths (per 100,000 person-years) |
Panel 1 Non-Participantsc n = 132,186 No. of deaths (per 100,000 person-years) |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 82.2 | 132.1 |
| Female | 56.4 | 62.8 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 77.2 | 117.6 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 61.7 | 115.4 |
| Other | 66.8 | 111.2 |
| Marital status | ||
| Not married | 84.2 | 125.0 |
| Married | 75.9 | 97.4 |
| Divorced | 57.0 | 110.0 |
| Education | ||
| High school or less | 85.3 | 135.5 |
| Some college | 66.6 | 87.9 |
| Bachelor's degree | 65.2 | 92.1 |
| Advanced degree | 35.2 | 56.2 |
| Service component | ||
| Reserve/National Guard | 80.3 | 112.1 |
| Active duty | 63.6 | 111.4 |
| Branch of service | ||
| Army | 78.7 | 137.8 |
| Air Force | 64.9 | 81.5 |
| Navy/Coast Guard | 60.4 | 110.2 |
| Marine Corps | 73.2 | 167.2 |
| Military pay grade | ||
| Enlisted | 77.4 | 121.4 |
| Officer | 64.0 | 81.5 |
| Occupational category | ||
| Combat specialists | 104.5 | 150.7 |
| Health care specialists | 60.0 | 88.7 |
| Service supply and functional support | 65.8 | 98.3 |
| Other | 69.7 | 115.7 |
| Deployment experienced | ||
| Pre-2001 | 73.7 | 147.4 |
| 2001-2006 | 61.7 | 71.5 |
| Pre-2001 and 2001-2006 | 46.3 | 92.7 |
| None | 77.8 | 130.9 |
| Separated from military servicee | ||
| No | 80.2 | 129.3 |
| Yes | 51.8 | 77.2 |
a Number of deaths per 100,000 person years between Jul 1, 2001 and Dec 31, 2006, adjusted for birth year, standardized to the total US military as of October 1, 2000. Data sources include Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Defense Manpower Data Center.
b Includes Panel 1 Millennium Cohort participants who enrolled in the study between July 1, 2001, and June 30, 2003, and had complete demographic data.
c Includes service members who had complete demographic data, were presumed alive as of June 30, 2001, were able to be contacted by mail and were invited to enroll in the first panel of the Millennium Cohort Study, but either declined, did not respond, or were ineligible.
d Deployment category "Pre-2001" refers to individuals deployed to the 1991 Gulf War or to Bosnia, Kosovo, or Southwest Asia between January 1, 1998, and September 30, 2000; the category "2001-2006" includes individuals deployed in support of the military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan between September 1, 2001, and December 31, 2006.
e Separation (retirement or early separation) from military service as of December 31, 2006 (excludes death as a reason for separation).