Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for potential malaria risk factors by Plasmodium species, longitudinal data from 1999 to 2006.
| P. falciparum | P. vivax | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Temporal Factors | ||||
| Mean minimum temperature (1°c) | 1.27 | 1.23-1.31 | 1.05 | 1.02-1.09 |
| Control measures | ||||
| Passive surveillance only | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Presence of Active surveillance | 0.35 | 0.25-0.50 | 0.49 | 0.41-0.58 |
| Active surveillance + ACT use for P. falciparum | 0.21 | 0.15-0.30 | 0.22 | 0.17-0.28 |
| Individual-level | ||||
| Females | ||||
| 0-15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 16-50 | 0.51 | 0.44-0.59 | 0.22 | 0.17-0.29 |
| 51+ | 0.41 | 0.29-0.59 | 0.15 | 0.07-0.31 |
| Males | ||||
| 0-15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 16-50 | 0.68 | 0.61-0.75 | 0.28 | 0.23-0.33 |
| 51+ | 0.50 | 0.39-0.64 | 0.23 | 0.14-0.37 |
| Hamlet-level | ||||
| Light forest cover area (1% increase) | 1.03 | 1.01-1.05 | ||
| Distance to a clinic (1 km increase) | 1.31 | 1.15-1.49 | 1.08 | 0.98-1.18 |
| 1-month lag incidence of P. falciparum/P. vivax per 100 persons | 1.14 | 1.11-1.17 | 1.34 | 1.23-1.45 |
| Covariance of random effects | Var | SE | Var | SE |
| Hamlet | 0.152 | 0.143 | 0.063 | 0.046 |
| Residual | 0.983 | 0.003 | 1.009 | 0.003 |