TABLE 1.
Demographics for the whole sample by labor onset type
| Variable | Spontaneous labor, n = 77,443 | Elective induction of labor, n = 16,544 | Indicated induction of labor, n = 17,582 | Unlabored cesarean delivery, n = 3959 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, ya | 26.8 (5.9) | 27.7 (5.3) | 27.4 (6.0) | 30.1 (6.6) | < .0001 |
| Raceb | |||||
| White/non-Hispanic | 40,799 (52.7) | 12,514 (75.7) | 10,099 (57.4) | 2019 (51.0) | < .0001 |
| Black/non-Hispanic | 13,178 (17.0) | 1825 (11.0) | 3106 (17.7) | 841 (21.2) | |
| Hispanic | 15,174 (19.6) | 1243 (7.5) | 2970 (16.9) | 660 (16.7) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 3770 (4.9) | 397 (2.4) | 716 (4.1) | 188 (4.8) | |
| Other race | 4522 (5.8) | 565 (3.4) | 691 (3.9) | 251 (6.3) | |
| Parityb | |||||
| 0 | 32,529 (42.0) | 4665 (28.2) | 9971 (56.7) | 2530 (63.9) | < .0001 |
| ≥ 1 | 44,914 (58.0) | 11,879 (71.8) | 7611 (43.3) | 1429 (36.1) | |
a
Continuous variables report means (SD);
b
Categorical variables report frequency (percentage).