Table 1. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the 842 patients with HIV infection from New South Wales and Western Australia in the Australian HIV Observational Database cohort by hospitalization status, 1999–2007.
| All patients | Patients who were hospitalized at least once during follow-up | Patients who were not hospitalized during follow-up | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients, n (%) | 842 | 488 | 354 | |
| Total person-years | 4519 | 2782 | 1737 | |
| Female sex, n (%) | 47 (6) | 35 (7) | 12 (3) | 0.018 |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 41 (35–48) | 41 (36–49) | 40 (35–46) | 0.011 |
| State, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| New South Wales | 559 (66) | 260 (53) | 299 (84) | |
| Western Australia | 283 (34) | 228 (47) | 55 (16) | |
| Clinic type, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Tertiary hospital | 401 (48) | 284 (58) | 117 (33) | |
| Sexual health centre | 150 (18) | 76 (16) | 74 (21) | |
| General medical practice | 291 (35) | 128 (26) | 163 (46) | |
| Hepatitis B virus coinfection, n (%) | 0.594 | |||
| Negative/never tested | 803 (95) | 467 (96) | 336 (95) | |
| Positive | 39 (5) | 21 (4) | 18 (5) | |
| Hepatitis C virus coinfection, n (%) | 0.089 | |||
| Negative/never tested | 745 (88) | 424 (87) | 321 (91) | |
| Positive | 97 (12) | 64 (13) | 33 (9) | |
| HIV exposure, n (%) | 0.006 | |||
| Homosexual contactb | 690 (82) | 385 (79) | 305 (86) | |
| Other | 132 (16) | 93 (19) | 39 (11) | |
| Missing | 20 (2) | 10 (2) | 10 (3) | |
| Years since first positive HIV test, n (%) | 0.042 | |||
| 0–4 | 229 (27) | 114 (23) | 115 (32) | |
| 5–7 | 167 (20) | 101 (21) | 66 (19) | |
| 7–12 | 241 (29) | 150 (31) | 91 (26) | |
| ≥12 | 194 (23) | 118 (24) | 76 (21) | |
| Missing | 11 (1) | 5 (1) | 6 (2) | |
| Median (IQR) | 7 (4–12) | 7 (3–11) | 8 (4–12) | 0.021 |
| Prior AIDS, n (%) | 174 (21) | 123 (25) | 51 (14) | <0.001 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/μl), median (IQR) | 480 (309–675) | 432 (260–624) | 528 (377–730) | <0.001 |
| HIV viral load (log copies/ml), median (IQR)c | 2.60 (2.60–3.84) | 2.60 (2.60–4.04) | 2.60 (2.60–3.52) | 0.042 |
| Prior ART, n (%) | 738 (88) | 435 (89) | 303 (86) | 0.123 |
| Number of ART regimens ever, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤1 | 275 (33) | 137 (28) | 138 (39) | |
| 2–3 | 222 (26) | 121 (25) | 101 (29) | |
| 4–6 | 176 (21) | 105 (22) | 71 (20) | |
| ≥7 | 169 (20) | 125 (26) | 44 (12) | |
| Number of drug classes ever, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
| ≤1 | 158 (19) | 78 (16) | 80 (23) | |
| 2 | 393 (47) | 221 (45) | 172 (49) | |
| 3 | 291 (35) | 189 (39) | 102 (29) | |
| 4d | – | – | – | |
| NRTI ever, n (%) | 731 (87) | 432 (89) | 299 (84) | 0.086 |
| NNRTI ever, n (%) | 430 (51) | 263 (54) | 167 (47) | 0.054 |
| Protease inhibitor ever, n (%) | 552 (66) | 339 (69) | 213 (60) | 0.005 |
| Fusion inhibitor ever, n (%)d | – | – | – | – |
| Cumulative NRTI exposure (years), median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.0–4.9) | 3.2 (1.0–5.4) | 2.6 (0.7–4.3) | 0.002 |
| Cumulative NNRTI exposure (years), median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–1.5) | 0.1 (0.0–1.3) | 0.0 (0.0–1.5) | 0.463 |
| Cumulative protease inhibitor exposure (years), median (IQR) | 1.3 (0.0–2.9) | 1.6 (0.0–2.9) | 0.8 (0.0–2.9) | 0.025 |
| Complete follow-up in AHOD cohort (%) | 80 | 84 | 75 | 0.002 |
| Median number of AHOD visits during study period (IQR) | 28 (16–37) | 33 (24–42) | 21 (9–30) | <0.001 |
AHOD, Australian HIV Observational Database; ART, antiretroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-NRTI.
a
P value for Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.
b
Injecting drug use also reported for some participants in this group.
c
All HIV viral load measures below 400 copies/ml were changed to 399 copies/ml (i.e. 2.60 log copies/ml) for the purpose of this analysis.
d
Patients were not on fusion inhibitors at baseline.