Table 1.
Pretest, Immediate Posttest (Post) and One-Year Follow-up (Post-1) Scores for students in the intervention and control groups
| LIPS (N=35) | RWT (N=34) | Control (N=39) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Pre | Post | Post-1 | Pre | Post | Post-1 | Pre | Post | Post-1 |
| Word Accuracy/fluency | |||||||||
| Word ident.* | 87.2 | 110.6 | 106.8 | 85.6 | 107.0 | 103.8 | 100.6 | 99.8 | |
| SD | 9.3 | 12.2 | 12.8 | 9.6 | 12.4 | 11.0 | 15.6 | 14.8 | |
| Word Efficiency | 2.9 | 26.9 | 44.3 | 2.7 | 23.5 | 42.7 | 21.0 | 38.6 | |
| SD | 2.5 | 11.1 | 12.0 | 2.5 | 9.3 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 14.4 | |
| Phonemic Decoding Accuracy/fluency | |||||||||
| Word attack* | 73.6 | 113.7 | 112.5 | 76.4 | 108.3 | 104.4 | 99.5 | 99.6 | |
| SD | 7.2 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 10.2 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 15.0 | 20.4 | |
| Nonword Effic. | 0.6 | 16.8 | 26.1 | 0.6 | 12.6 | 22.6 | 10.6 | 20.2 | |
| SD | 0.6 | 7.6 | 9.0 | 0.7 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 12.8 | |
| Text Reading Accuracy/fluency | |||||||||
| Gray Accuracy | 97.4 | 96.8 | 92.4 | ||||||
| SD | 12.8 | 11.3 | 14.2 | ||||||
| Gray Rate | 97.2 | 94.7 | 92.2 | ||||||
| SD | 10.7 | 9.5 | 14.7 | ||||||
| Reading Comprehension | |||||||||
| Pass. Compreh.* | 102.2 | 98.9 | 100.2 | 96.7 | 95.4 | 93.7 | |||
| SD | 10.0 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 14.4 | 12.6 | |||
| Gray Comprehension | 99.2 | 96.4 | 95.6 | ||||||
| SD | 14.5 | 11.8 | 13.8 | ||||||
| Phonological Awareness | |||||||||
| Blend. Words | 8.6 | 20.6 | 22.7 | 8.4 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 18.2 | 21.6 | |
| SD | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 5.4 | |
| Elision | 4.6 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 5.1 | 13.8 | 16.5 | 4.8 | 12.5 | 15.7 |
| SD | 2.1 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 2.1 | 4.6 | 4.4 |
| Segment. Words | 2.8 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 3.4 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 11.7 | 14.2 | |
| SD | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 3.5 | |
| Rapid Naming | |||||||||
| Naming Digits | .9 | 01.3 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 01.7 | .8 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
| SD | .3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | .2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | .2 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Naming Letters | 01.2 | 01.7 | 01.3 | 01.7 | 01.2 | 01.5 | |||
| SD | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||
| Spelling | |||||||||
| Developmental | 25.1 | 25.0 | 23.4 | ||||||
| SD | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.2 | ||||||
| WRAT spelling | 37.6 | 36.2 | 34.9 | ||||||
| SD | 4.4 | 3.2 | 4.6 | ||||||
| Est. Verbal Ability* | |||||||||
| Vocabulary | 96.1 | 96.0 | 95.9 | ||||||
| SD | 12.5 | 11.2 | 11.4 | ||||||
| Probability of Reading Problems | |||||||||
| Letter sound knowledge | 10.9 | 9.5 | 10.2 | ||||||
| SD | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.0 | ||||||
| Probability score** | .70 | .70 | 0.71 | ||||||
| SD | .22 | .22 | 0.18 | ||||||
*
Standard Scores based on a Mean of 100 and SD of 15.
**
higher scores indicate greater probability of reading problems