Table 1.
Egg-independent influenza vaccine strategies that are at various stages of clinical trial.
| Approach | Subtype | Virus strain and/or gene/s | Substrate | Company | Clinical phases | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inactivated whole virus | H5N1 | A/Vietnam/1203/2004 | Vero cells | Baxter, Austria | I/II, III | 38, 39, 40 |
| Inactivated whole virus | H5N1 | A/Vietnam/1194/2004 | Primary Monkey Kidney cells | Vabiotech, Vietnam | I | 149 |
| Inactivated split virus | H7N1 | A/chicken/Italy H7N1xPR8(RD-3) | PER. C6 cells | Sanofi Pasteur, France | I | 20 |
| Inactivated subunit | H5N1 | A/Vietnam/1194/2004 | MDCK cells | Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Netherlands | I | 19 |
| Live-attenuated (NS1 deleted virus) | H5N1 | A/Vietnam/1203/2004 | Vero cells | Green Hill Biotechnology, Austria | I | 149 |
| Recombinant M2 | Consensus | Consensus M2/M2e sequence/motif | E.coli | Cytos Biotechnology, Switzerland | I | 19 |
| Recombinant HA | H5N1 | (i)A/Hong Kong/156/97 and A/Hong Kong/483/97 (ii)A/Vietnam/1203/2004 | SF9 Insect cells | Protein Sciences, USA; UMN Pharma, Japan | I/II; I | 52, 149 |
| VLP | H5N1 | HA, NA & M1 from A/Indonesia/05/2005 | SF9 Insect cells | Novavax, USA | I/II | 10 |
| DNA vaccine | H5N1 | (i) HA, NP, M2 from A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (ii) HA of A/Indonesia/05/2005 | E.coli | Vical, USA; NIH, USA | I; I/II | 78;79 |
| Adenovirus vector | H1N1 | HA from A/PR/8/34 | 293 cells | Vaxin Inc, USA | I | 95 |
| Alphavirus vector | H3N2 | HA from A/Wyoming/03/2003 | Vero Cells | Alphavax, USA | I | 114 |