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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010 Feb 1;878(27):2635–2642. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.012

Table 1.

Summary of analytical method and HDA detection limits (μg/l) in biological media.

Reference Biological media Derivatization agent1 Analytical method2 Detection limit (μg/l)
Brorson et al. 1990 [6] plasma & urine HFBA GC-MS 0.5
Dalene et al. 1994 [25] urine TFECF GC-MS 0.5
Skarping et al. 1994 [26] urine PFPA LC-MS 0.1
Tinnerberg et al. 1995 [3] plasma & urine PFPA GC-MS ≤0.1
Maitre et al. 1996 [2] urine HFBA GC-MS 0.35
Rosenberg et al. 2002 [27] urine HFBA GC-MS 0.43
Liu et al. 2004 [7] urine HFBA GC-MS 0.2
Pronk et al. 2006 [5] urine HFBA GC-MS 3.0
Gaines et al. 2009 [4] urine HFBA GC-MS 0.04
Flack et al. 2009 [8] plasma HFBA GC-MS 0.02
1

HFBA = heptafluorobutyric anhydride; TFECF = 2′,2′,2-trifluoroethyl chloroformate; PFPA = pentafluoropropionic anhydride.

2

GC-MS = gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; LC-MS = liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

3

Reported as limit of quantification (LOQ) = 5 nmol/l = limit of detection (LOD) × 1.5 [27], and LOD (μg/l) calculated as follows: 5 nmol/l ÷ 1.5 × 1 mol/109 nmol × 116.21 g/mol × 106 μg/g = 0.4 μg/l.