Table IV. Ear circumference (otic vesicle; in μm) in 30 hpf in ethanol, DEAB and retinoic acid treated embryos.
Upper part of table: TL strain embryos were treated from 3 hpf until 24 hpf (during gastrulation and somitogenesis) with 100 mM ethanol, 10−9 M retinoic acid, or 100 mM ethanol and 10−9 M retinoic acid together, and compared to untreated control embryos At 30 hpf embryos were fixed using paraformaldehyde to stop development, and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy images focused on the otic vesicle. Circumference was measured using ImageJ image analysis software (see Materials and Methods). Two-way ANOVA was performed to compare treatment groups. Ethanol-by-retinoic acid interaction was significant (P=0.0109), and pairwise comparison P-values are shown. Bonferroni adjustment for multiple (six) comparisons was used to ensure an overall ninety five percent confidence. Thus, P-value≤0.008 was used to conclude that groups were statistically different.
| Control | Ethanol | Ethanol+RA | RA only | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 298.6 | 259.5 | 316.8 | 304.1 |
| SD | 24.7 | 20.3 | 17.2 | 6.4 |
| n | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| P (vs Control) | 0.0042 | 0.1775 | 0.6743 | |
| P (vs Ethanol) | 0.0003 | 0.0026 | ||
| P (vs RA) | 0.3642 |