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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Feb 6;42(8):1256–1261. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.02.002

Figure 1. DAMPs and PAMPs mediate responses through induction of miRs.

Figure 1

The illustration summaries the mechanisms by which individual miRs (red boxes) interact with target proteins (yellow boxes) to regulate cell responses (blue circles) in macrophages. Stimulation (↑) or inhibition (T) should be determined by following how the changes in the individual miR expression (red squares) impacts on the indicated biological response (blue circles). In our studies almost all of the DAMPs up-regulate expression and miR155 in macrophages (O'Connell et al., 2007, O'Connell et al., 2009). Baltimore's group has shown that miR 146 serves as a block on many macrophage functions (Taganov et al., 2006). Recently we have demonstrated that miR 34c is up-regulated by High-mobility group box (HMGB)1 expressing cells, releasing DAMPs and miR 214 independently of expression of HMGB1 (Unlu S et al, submitted). AP-1, activator protein; IRAK, IL-1 receptor activated kinase; JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase; NF, nuclear factor; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TRAF, TNF receptor-associated factor. From Lindsay, M.A. (2008) MicroRNAs and the immune response. Trends in Immunology 29, 343-351 with modifications.