Table 5.
Univariate analysis of prognostic factors
| Variable | Category | n (events) | 1 year | 2 years | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis | <60 years | 27 (10) | 77% | 61% | 1.1 (0.4–3.6) | 0.819 |
| >60 years | 23 (8) | 74% | 55% | |||
| Gender | Male | 39 (12) | 64% | 52% | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.291 |
| Female | 11 (6) | 72% | 64% | |||
| Ethnicity | White | 37 (13) | 71% | 62% | 0.6 (0.2–2.1) | 0.372 |
| Non-White | 13 (5) | 83% | 63% | |||
| Child–Pugh class | A | 24 (6) | 82% | 73% | 6.1 (1.7–22.3) | 0.002 |
| B | 14 (4) | 75% | 58% | 1.3 (0.3–5.5) | ||
| C | 12 (8) | 50% | 0% | |||
| MELD score | <15 | 36 (10) | 75% | 67% | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.01 |
| >16 | 14 (8) | 57% | 29% | |||
| Okuda stage | I | 24 (3) | 90% | 67% | 6.6 (1.4–30.6) | 0.005 |
| II | 14 (9) | 67% | 24% | 5.2 (0.9–29.2) | ||
| III | 12 (6) | 48% | 0% | |||
| AFP | <400 ng/l | 43 (8) | 81% | 74% | 3.9 (1.4–11.2) | 0.005 |
| >400 ng/l | 7 (10) | 29% | 14% | |||
| Portal vein | Thrombosed | 12 (5) | 58% | 40% | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.128 |
| Patent | 38 (13) | 73% | 64% | |||
| Bilirubin | <2 mg/dl | 32 (9) | 81% | 73% | 2.8 (1.0–7.8) | 0.038 |
| >2 mg/dl | 18 (9) | 50% | 25% | |||
| Albumin | >3.0 g/dl | 19 (4) | 88% | 67% | 5.3 (1.1–23.6) | 0.015 |
| <3.0 g/dl | 31 (14) | 46% | 35% | |||
| Tumour burden | Uni-nodular | 26 (8) | 70% | 62% | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) | 0.100 |
| Multi-nodular | 15 (4) | 73% | 48% | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | ||
| Diffuse | 9 (6) | 44% | 0% | |||
| Milan criteria | Within | 31 (10) | 76% | 58% | 0.35 (0.1–0.9) | 0.038 |
| Beyond | 19 (8) | 47% | 31% | |||
| CLIP score | <3 | 29 (5) | 89% | 70% | 7.3 (2.0–25.0) | <0.001 |
| ≥3 | 21 (13) | 35% | 23% | |||
| BCLC stage | Early-intermediate | 32 (8) | 73% | 62% | 3.9 (1.3–11.6) | 0.009 |
| Advanced | 18 (10) | 28% | 0% | |||
| ECOG PS | 0 | 33 (5) | 82% | 82% | 4.1 (2.0–8.3) | <0.001 |
| 1–2 | 17 (13) | 35% | 12% |
HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; MELD, Model of End-stage Liver Disease; AFP, alphafetoprotein; CLIP, Cancer of the Liver Italian Programme; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PS, performance status