Mitochondrial ROS regulate anchorage-independent growth through the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. (A) Effects of mitochondrial targeted nitroxides and control compounds on LSL-Kras G12D 3T3 MEFs + Cre cellular proliferation at 24, 48, or 72 hours after treatment. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Statistical comparisons are between MCTPO or MCP and TPP. (B) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Total ERK in LSL-KrasG12D 3T3 MEFs cell lysates serum starved for 18 hours (0 time point) or after 15 min serum stimulation post-48-hours treatment with 1 μM MCTPO, 1 μM CTPO, 1 μM MCP, 1 μM CP, and 1 μM TPP. (C) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Total ERK 48 hours after treatment with no drug or 1 μM MCP in the presence of either 0 nM, 100 nM, or 500 nM U0126. (D) Analysis of soft agar colonies of LSL-KrasG12D 3T3 MEFs treated with either 0 or 1 μM MCP in the presence of 0 nM, 100 nM, or 500 nM UO216. Mean ± SE (n = 9). **P < 0.01. Statistical comparison was made between cells treated with Mito CP and cells not treated with Mito CP.