Table 6.
Group Differences on Measures of Social Background, Education, and Intellectual Functioning.
| Control (n = 70) M (SD) | Primary (n = 31) M (SD) | Secondary (n = 39) M (SD) | Effect Sizes for Group Differences (d) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary vs Control | Secondary vs Control | Secondary vs Primary | ||||
| Raised by single parent (%) | 35.7 | 54.8 | 53.8 | |||
| Occupation of Parents | ||||||
| Mother | 5.5 (1.8) | 5.3 (1.9) | 5.8 (1.4) | |||
| Father | 5.2 (1.7) | 5.2 (2.0) | 5.4 (1.5) | |||
| Criminality of Parents | ||||||
| Mother (%) | 10.9 | 20.7 | 23.1 | |||
| Father (%) | 22.0 | 24.0 | 48.6 | .67** | ||
| Education | 4.5 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.0) | -.72** | ||
| Shipley Institute of Living | ||||||
| Verbal score | 23.5 (5.6) | 26.3 (3.5) | 24.1 (4.6) | |||
| Abstraction score | 24.1 (8.8) | 25.9 (6.0) | 24.6 (8.9) | |||
| Estimated IQ | 91.5 (11.9) | 95.6 (7.0) | 91.4 (12.1) | |||
Note.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001.
For effect sizes of group differences, comparisons are based on post host tests using Tukey’s procedure. Only comparisons with protected p values < .05 are reported.