Table 2.

Nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Tissue Type	Functionalization with tissue specific biomolecules	Promotion of desired behaviors from tissue specific cells in vitro	Favorable Structural properties for tissue specific application	In vivo models
Bone	Secondary surface mineralization [14,77,78,89,152,153] Bioactive peptide incorporation [108] Hydroxyapatite particle incorporation [154–158] BMP-2 incorporation [157]	Osteoblastic and pre-osteoblastic cells [159–161] Mesenchymal stem cells [28,162,163]	Selective pore size [164]	Subcutaneous implantation [165–167] Bone Defect-Skull [167–169] Bone defect- Femur [170]
Cartilage		Chondrocytes [116,117,171,172] Meniscal fibrochondrocytes [138] Mesenchymal stem cells [138,173]	Physiological shape [174] Suitable mechanical properties [175]
Vascular	Elastin/collagen blend [176]	Endothelial cells [90,177] Smooth muscle & endothelial cells [178,179]	Shape & mechanical properties [180,181]	Epigastric vein graft [182] Abdominal aortic graft [183]
Ligament/Tendon		Ligament/tendon derived fibroblasts[136,137,184]
Muscle		Skeletal muscle derived cells/myobasts [125,185]
Neural	Bioactive peptide incorporation [15,186] Laminin surface modification [82]	Brain derived neural stem cells [57,80,187] Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) [126] DRG & perineural membrane derived primary neurons [188]	Shape [189]	Severed optic tract [8] Spinal cord transaction [190] Tubular sciatic nerve bridging device [191,192]
Wound Healing	Antibiotic incorporation [193]	Hair follicular cells [51] Dermal fibroblasts [66,194,195] Dermal fibroblasts & keratinocytes [196,197] Human skin equivalent tissue model [198]		Surgical wound model [47,199,200] Burn wound model [86,201] Subcutaneous implantation [202]
Intervertebral Disc			Mechanical properties [203] Shape & Structure [204]
Islet/Hepotocyte    Transplantation		Islets [133] Hepatocytes [205,206] Stem cell derived hepatic cells[207]		Islet transplantation [208]