Table 1.
Chromosome numbers and reproductive behaviour reported for the species included in the analyses
| Species | n | 2n | x | Reproductive behaviour |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cenchrus agrimonioides | – | – | – | – |
| C. brownii | 34(14) | 34(48), 36(26)(24), 70(23) | 9*, 17(14)(14) | – |
| C. caliculatus | 34(30) | – | 17* | – |
| C. ciliaris | 16(18), 17(43), 18(18)(22) | 34(23), 36(16)(24), 45(32), 54(26), 63(32), 78(23), 90(32) | 9(43) | APO, SEX(53) |
| C. echinatus | 34(14)(18) | 68 (27)(45)(25)(23), 70(23) | 17(18)(22) | – |
| C. incertus | 16(22), 17(18)(14) | 30(22), 34(24)(14)(48) | 17(14)(18) | SEX(59) |
| C. myosuroides | 27(6), 35(18) | 54(6), 70(3)(23)(50) | 9, 10(17) | SEX(59) |
| C. pilosus | 17(14) | 34(14)(48) | 17(14)(14) | – |
| C. setigerus | 17(43), 18(47) | 34(47), 36(46), 37(47) | 9(43), 17(43) | APO(46) |
| Ixophorus unisetus | – | 34(49) | 17* | – |
| Odontelytrum abyssinicum | – | – | – | – |
| Paspalidium geminatum | 9(43) | 18(56), 36(24) | 9(43) | – |
| Pennisetum sect. Brevivalvula† | ||||
| P. hordeoides | 9(51) | 36(51), 54(51) | 9(1) | APO(53) |
| P. pedicellatum | – | 24(60), 30(60), 32(60), 35(60), 36(60), 42(60), 45(51), 48(60), 53(60), 54(36)(51) | 9(36)(51) | APO(36)(53) |
| P. polystachion subsp. polystachion | 18(13), 36(12) | 18(51), 24(60), 32(60), 36(51), 45(51), 48(60), 52(60), 53(48), 54(36)(51)(13)(27), 56(60), 63(60), 78(23) | 9(36)(51) | APO(20)(53) |
| P. polystachion subsp. atrichum | – | 36(7) | 9* | – |
| Pennisetum sect. Dactylophora† | ||||
| P. lanatum | 18(43) | – | 9(43) | – |
| Pennisetum sect. Gymnotrix subsect. Acrostigma† | ||||
| P. alopecuroides | – | 18(36)(54) | 9(36) | SEX(36) |
| P. basedowii | – | 54(20) | 9* | – |
| P. chilense | – | – | – | – |
| P. frutescens | – | 63(45) | 9(45) | APO(53) |
| P. glaucocladum | – | – | – | – |
| P. macrourum | – | 36(20) | 9(46) | APO(20)(53) |
| P. massaicum | – | 16(46), 32(55) | 8(46) | APO, SEX(53) |
| P. mezianum | – | 16(52), 32(36) | 8(36, 52) | APO(36) |
| P. natalense | – | – | – | – |
| P. nervosum | – | 36(45), 72(48) | 9(45) | – |
| P. ramosum | – | 10(36)(52)(55) | 5(36)(52)(55) | APO, SEX(36) |
| P. sphacelatum | 18(32) | – | 9* | – |
| P. thunbergii | – | 18(16) | 9* | – |
| Pennisetum sect. Gymnotrix subsect. Beckeropsis† | ||||
| P. montanum | 16(31) | – | 8(31) | – |
| P. unisetum | – | 18(16) | 9* | – |
| Pennisetum sect. Gymnotrix subsect. Pleurostigma† | ||||
| P. latifolium | – | 36(45) | 9(45) | APO(53) |
| P. trachyphyllum | – | – | – | – |
| P. tristachyum | – | – | – | – |
| Pennisetum sect. Heterostachya† | ||||
| P. schweinfurthii | – | 14(36)(52) | 7(36)(52) | SEX(36) |
| P. squamulatum | – | 54(36), 56(2) | 7(2), 9(20)(36) | APO(20)(36)(53) |
| Pennisetum sect. Pennisetum† | ||||
| P. clandestinum | 18(38), 27(34) | 36(29)(45)(56) | 9(29) | APO, SEX(46) |
| P. flaccidum | 9(34), 27(43) | 18(46), 36(9)(46) | 9(43) | APO(46), SEX(53) |
| P. foermeranum | – | – | – | – |
| P. glaucum | 7(43) | 14(8)(36) | 7(36)(43) | SEX(36) |
| P. orientale | 9, 18(43) | 36(36)(29), 45(40) | 9(36) | APO(36)(53), SEX(53) |
| P. purpureum | 7(1), 28(34) | 27(26), 28(36)(8)(33), | 7(36)(45) | APO(59), SEX(36) |
| P. setaceum | – | 27(36)(29), 54(36), 68(58) | 9(36), 17(58) | APO(53) |
| P. sieberianum | – | – | – | – |
| P. villosum | – | 18(46), 27(46), 36(36), 45(45), 54(45) | 9(36) | APO(36)(53) |
| P. violaceum | – | 14(36) | 7(36) | SEX(36) |
| Pseudoraphis paradoxa | – | – | – | – |
| P. spinescens | – | 32(27) | 8* | – |
| Rupichloa acuminata | 13(42) | – | 13(42) | – |
| Setaria palmifolia | 27(41)(38) | 54(27) | 9* | – |
| S. sphacelata | 9(28), 18(28), 27(28) | 36(5), 54(28) | 9* | SEX(59) |
| S. parviflora | 18(28)(38) | 36(25)(15) | 9* | – |
| Spinifex sericeus | – | 18(57) | 9(57) | – |
| Stenotaphrum secundatum | – | 18(45)(6)(24), 36(27) | 9(45) | SEX(59) |
References: (1) Akenova and Chehheda (1981), (2) Akiyama et al. (2006), (3) Avdulov (1931), (4) Bir and Sahni (1986), (5) Bir and Sahni (1987), (6) Brown (1950), (7) Brunken (1979), (8) Burton (1942), (9) Chatterji and Timothy (1969), (10) Chopanov and Yurtsev (1976), (11) Christopher and Abraham (1976), (12) Davidse and Pohl (1972), (13) Davidse and Pohl (1978), (14) Davidse and Pohl (1974), (15) de Wet (1954), (16) de Wet (1960), (17) DeLisle (1963), (18) DeLisle (1964), (19) Dujardin (1979), (20) Dujardin and Hanna (1984b), (21) Emery (1957), (22) Gould (1958), (23) Gould (1965), (24) Gould (1968), (25) Gould and Soderstom (1967), (26) Gould and Soderstrom (1970), (27) Gould and Soderstrom (1974), (28) Gupta and Singh (1977), (29) Hrishi (1952), (30) Hsu (1972), (31) Hunziker et al. (1998), (32) Jensen et al. (1989), (33) Kammacher et al. (1973), (34) Khosla and Mehra (1973), (35) Khosla and Sharma (1973), (36) Martel et al. (1997), (37) Miège (1962), (38) Mehra (1982), (39) Mehra and Rememanandan (1973), (40) Mehra and Sharma (1973), (41) Mehra and Sharma (1975), (42) Morrone et al. (1995), (43) Ahsan et al. (1994), (44) Norrmann et al. (1994), (45) Núñez (1952), (46) Ozias-Akins et al. (2003), (47) Crins (1991), (48) Pohl and Davidse (1971), (49) Reeder (1967), (50) Reeder (1968), (51) Renno et al. (1995), (52) Rao et al. (1989), (53) Schmelzer (1997), (54) Sinha et al. (1990), (55) Swaminathan and Nath (1956), (56) Tateoka (1965), (57) Connor (1984), (58) Shanthamma (1979), (59) Brown and Emery (1958), (60) Sisodia (1970).
SEX = sexual; APO = apomictic.
* Inferred basic chromosome number.
† Sectional and subsectional treatment sensu Clayton and Renvoize (1986).