Table 2.
Prevalence of a raised aldosterone to renin ratio and of aldosterone-producing adenomas in referral samples or samples from a large community
| Source and first author | ARR threshold, ng/dL per ng/mL.h-1 | Subjects tested, n | Raised ARR, % | Confirmed PA, % | Proven adenoma, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community sample of hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects | |||||
| Newton-Cheh C, 2007[4] | 21* | ||||
| Men | 1574 | 7 | NR | NR | |
| Women | 1752 | 13 | NR | NR | |
| Referral samples of >1000 hypertensive patients | |||||
| Nishikawa T, 2000[5] | 20 | 1020 | 6.4 | NR | 4.2 |
| Rossi E, 2002[10] | 35 | 1046 | 12.8 | 6.3 | 1.5 |
| Rossi GP, 2006[7] | 40 | 1125 | 20.4 | 11.2 | 4.8 |
| Fogari R, 2007[8] | 25 | 3000 | 22.8 | 5.9 | 1.8 |
| Douma S, 2008[9] | 30 | 1616 | 20.9 | 11.3 | NR |
ARR: aldosterone to renin ratio. PA: primary aldosteronism
Screening tests were considered positive on the basis of a high ARR alone [5,7-9], a composite criterion[7], or the combination of a high ARR and a plasma aldosterone concentration of 416 pmol/l (15.0 ng/dL) or more[9]. PA was generally confirmed by a sodium suppression test.
* Direct renin concentration (mU/l) determined by an automated method was converted to plasma renin activity using a conversion factor of 8.2 (see Funder JW et al, 2008[3])