Table 3.
Association between health behaviors and cognitive function as a function of APOE ε4 status adjusted for socioeconomic variables.
| Memory | Reasoning | Phonemic fluency | Semantic fluency | p for interaction‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health behaviors | Difference† (95% CI) | Difference† (95% CI) | Difference† (95% CI) | Difference† (95% CI) | |
| Current smoking§ | |||||
| APOE ε4 non-carriers | -1.65 (-2.53, -0.79)* | -1.10 (-1.84, -0.36)* | -1.46 (-2.32 -0.61)* | -0.99 (-1.83, -0.14)* | |
| APOE ε4 carriers | 0.41 (-1.02, 1.84) | -0.36 (-1.59, 0.86) | 0.73 (-0.67, 2.12) | 0.88 (-0.42, 2.17) | |
| p for interaction | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.009 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Past smoking§ | |||||
| APOE ε4 non-carriers | 0.17 (-0.47, 0.82) | 0.28 (-0.26, 0.83) | 0.56 (-0.07, 1.19) | 0.19 (-0.42, 0.82) | |
| APOE ε4 carriers | 0.76 (-0.28, 1.80) | 0.15 (-0.75, 1.04) | 1.40 (0.38, 2.42)* | 1.30 (0.35, 2.25)* | |
| p for interaction | 0.30 | 0.68 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 |
| Alcohol abstinence# | |||||
| APOE ε4 non-carriers | -0.12 (-1.06, 0.81) | -1.07 (-1.86, -0.28)* | -1.21 (-2.13, -0.30)* | -0.51 (-1.40, 0.39) | |
| APOE ε4 carriers | -1.56 (-3.00, -0.12)* | -1.65 (-2.88, -0.42)* | -2.00 (-3.40, -0.59)* | -1.97 (-3.28, -0.66)* | |
| p for interaction | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.09 | 0.28 |
| High alcohol consumption# | |||||
| APOE ε4 non-carriers | 0.25 (-0.45, 0.94) | 0.33 (-0.26, 0.91) | 0.55 (-0.13, 1.23) | 0.53 (-0.14, 1.20) | |
| APOE ε4 carriers | 0.91 (-0.20, 2.03) | 0.16 (-0.80, 1.11) | 1.49 (0.40, 2.58)* | 0.15 (-0.86, 1.17) | |
| p for interaction | 0.37 | 0.62 | 0.23 | 0.48 | 0.30 |
| Sedentary habit** | |||||
| APOE ε4 non-carriers | -0.37 (-1.05, 0.32) | 0.06 (-0.52, 0.64) | -0.66 (-1.33, -0.00)* | -0.52 (-1.18, 0.14) | |
| APOE ε4 carriers | -0.03 (-1.15, 1.09) | -0.08 (-1.03, 0.88) | -0.52 (-1.61, 0.57) | -1.14 (-2.15, -0.12)* | |
| p for interaction | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.64 | 0.35 | 0.71 |
| Fruit & vegetable consumption less than 2 times/day†† | |||||
| APOE ε4 non-carriers | -0.60 (-1.22, 0.01) | -1.12 (-1.65, -0.60)* | -0.65 (-1.26, -0.05)* | -1.49 (-2.08, -0.90)* | |
| APOE ε4 carriers | -0.49 (-1.47, 0.50) | -1.43 (-2.27, -0.59)* | -0.19 (-1.16, 0.77) | -1.53 (-2.43, -0.64)* | |
| p for interaction | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.37 | 0.94 | 0.82 |
* p < 0.05.
† Mean difference in T-score of cognitive function in models adjusted for age, sex, employment grade, and education. ‡ p from MANCOVA.
§Difference with never smoking. # Difference with moderate alcohol consumption.
** Difference with non sedentary habit. †† Difference with the group eating fruit & vegetables 2 or more times a day.