Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality, according to GOLD and SR-tile cut-points ^*

A. Unadjusted hazard ratios:
Spirometric Group	Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) for mortality
Normal Pulmonary Function †	1.00
FEV1/FVC < .70: FEV1 Stage	GOLD Stage 1 ≥ 80%Pred	GOLD Stage 2 50-79%Pred	GOLD Stage 3/4 < 50%Pred	Total
≥ 5th SR-tile	1.25 (1.04, 1.50)	1.59 (1.29, 1.96)	NA	1.35 (1.14, 1.61)
< 5th SR-tile	NA	2.27 (1.83, 2.81)	3.94 (3.08, 5.03)	2.85 (2.36, 3.45)
Total	1.25 (1.04, 1.50)	1.81 (1.51, 2.16)	3.93 (3.08,5.02)	1.62 (1.37, 1.91)
B. Adjusted hazard ratios:
Spirometric Group	Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) for mortality ‡
Normal Pulmonary Function †	1.00
FEV1/FVC < .70: FEV1 Stage	GOLD Stage 1 ≥ 80%Pred	GOLD Stage 2 50-79%Pred	GOLD Stage 3/4 < 50%Pred	Total
≥ 5th SR-tile	1.03 (0.85, 1.26) n = 443	1.11 (0.91, 1.36) n = 209	NA n = 0	1.06 (0.89, 1.25) n = 652
< 5th SR-tile	NA n = 0	1.83 (1.41, 2.37) n = 105	2.24 (1.65, 3.04) n = 74	2.01 (1.60, 2.54) n = 179
Total	1.04 (0.85, 1.27) n = 443	1.31 (1.08, 1.59) n = 314	2.24 (1.65, 3.03) n = 74	1.24 (1.04, 1.47) n = 831

COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC = forced vital capacity; %Pred = percent predicted; SR-tile = standardized residual percentile; GOLD = Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; LLN = lower limit of normal; CI = confidence interval; NA = not applicable.

^*74 participants (3.6%) were excluded because of missing covariates and 87 (3.5%) were excluded because of restrictive pulmonary physiology, i.e., FEV1/FVC ≥ .70 and FVC < LLN.

^†Defined by an FEV1/FVC ≥ .70 and FVC ≥ LLN.

^‡Covariates included age, age², height, sex, ethnicity, smoking history, BMI, BMI², BMI³, memory impairment, self-reported health status by time interaction, and chronic conditions. All covariates were significant at the p <.05 level, except age² at a p value of .196 but this was kept in the model because we used the .20 level for higher order terms.