Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for having respiratory symptoms, according to GOLD and SR-tile cut-points *†
| A. Unadjusted odds ratios: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spirometric Group | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) for respiratory symptoms | |||
| Normal Pulmonary Function ‡ | 1.00 | |||
| FEV1/FVC < .70: FEV1 Stage | GOLD Stage 1 ≥ 80%Pred | GOLD Stage 2 50-79%Pred | GOLD Stage 3/4 < 50%Pred | Total |
| ≥ 10th SR-tile | 0.90 (0.75-1.09) | 1.53 (0.96-2.45) | NA | 0.98 (0.82-1.16) |
| < 10th SR-tile | NA | 2.10 (1.50-2.94) | 5.57 (3.13-9.89) | 2.57 (1.91-3.48) |
| Total | 0.90 (0.75-1.09) | 1.94 (1.43-2.63) | 5.57 (3.13-9.89) | 1.40 (1.18-1.66) |
| B. Adjusted odds ratios: | ||||
| Spirometric Group | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) for respiratory symptoms § | |||
| Normal Pulmonary Function ‡ | 1.00 | |||
| FEV1/FVC < .70: FEV1 Stage | GOLD Stage 1 ≥ 80%Pred | GOLD Stage 2 50-79%Pred | GOLD Stage 3/4 < 50%Pred | Total |
| ≥ 10th SR-tile | 1.08 (0.88-1.33) n=442 |
1.41 (0.84-2.38) n=77 |
NA n=0 |
1.12 (0.92-1.35) n=519 |
| < 10th SR-tile | NA n=1 |
2.06 (1.44-2.93) n =236 |
5.04 (2.88-8.83) n =74 |
2.45 (1.80-3.34) n=310 |
| Total | 1.08 (0.88-1.33) n=442 |
1.88 (1.34-2.63) n=313 |
5.05 (2.88-8.85) n=74 |
1.48 (1.23-1.80) n=829 |
FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC = forced vital capacity; %Pred = percent predicted; SR-tile = standardized residual percentile; GOLD = Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; LLN = lower limit of normal; CI = confidence interval.
Respiratory symptoms included cough or sputum production, wheezing, or exertional dyspnea – see methods.
80 participants (3.2%) were excluded because of missing covariates or missing respiratory symptoms (n=6), and 87 (3.5%) were excluded because of restrictive pulmonary physiology, i.e., FEV1/FVC ≥ .70 and FVC < LLN. In addition, we excluded from analysis the single participant who had an FEV1/F VC < .70, with an FEV1 ≥ 80%Pred but < 10thSR-tile (cell size too small).
Defined by an FEV1/FVC ≥ .70 and FVC ≥ LLN.
Covariates included age, age2, age3, height, sex, ethnicity, smoking history, BMI, memory impairment, self-reported health status, and chronic conditions. Of these, age2, ethnicity, smoking, BMI, self-reported health status, and chronic conditions were significant at the p<.05 level. The non-significant variables were kept in the model to have a consistent set of predictors, as in the mortality analysis.