Long-term effect of intramuscularly injected AAV-1 vectors carrying either sh-AcvRIIb, U7-DYS, or U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb construct. Mice were killed 3 months after injection. (a) Relative weight expressed as arbitrary units. Each TA is represented by a black diamond, and the mean is represented by a red square. (b) Dystrophin immunostaining of whole transverse sections from the tibialis anterior injected with U7-DYS AAV (B1), U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb AAV (B2), sh-AcvRIIb AAV (B3), and untreated mdx mice (B4). (c) Percentage of central nucleated fibers. The number of central nucleated fibers was counted in five random fields (containing between 120 and 350 fibers) per TA (n = 5 TA/group). (d) AcvRIIb mRNA expression levels were compared to sh-control-injected contralateral TA that corresponds to 1. (e) Relative tetanic force expressed as arbitrary units. A Student's t-test (represented with #) was first used to compare treated muscles versus the contralateral-injected legs (PBS injected for the U7-DYS construct or sh-control injected for the sh-AcvRIIb or U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb) in each condition. ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001. An ANOVA PLSD Fisher test (represented with *) was then used to compare each treatment: mdx versus sh-AcvRIIb: P > 0.05; mdx versus U7-DYS: P < 0.01; mdx versus U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb: P < 0.0001; mdx versus C57Bl6: P < 0.0001; sh-AcvRIIb versus U7-DYS: P > 0.05; sh-AcvRIIb versus U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb: P < 0.001; sh-AcvRIIb versus C57Bl6: P < 0.05; U7-DYS versus U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb: P < 0.01; U7-DYS versus C57Bl6: P > 0.05; U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb versus C57Bl6: P > 0.05. (f) Relative specific force. The results obtained with the mdx mouse (for either the weight or the force) are used as references. The ANOVA PLSD Fisher test was used to analyze the statistics: mdx versus sh-AcvRIIb: P > 0.05; mdx versus U7-DYS: P < 0.05; mdx versus U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb: P < 0.001; mdx versus C57Bl6: P < 0.001; sh-AcvRIIb versus U7-DYS: P > 0.05; sh-AcvRIIb versus U7-DYS/sh-AcvRII: P < 0.05; sh-AcvRIIb versus C57Bl6: P < 0.0001; U7-DYS versus U7-DYS/sh-AcvRIIb: P < 0.05; U7-DYS versus C57Bl6: P < 0.0001; U7-shAcvRIIb versus C57Bl6: P < 0.0001. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; NS, nonsignificant P > 0.05. ANOVA, analysis of variance; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PLSD, protected least-squares difference; TA, tibialis anterior.