Table 1.
Estimated difference in mean UAER in mg/24 h§ (95% CI) comparing the middle or the upper third of the dietary n-3 LC-PUFA distribution with the lowest third by treatment randomization and cohort
| Exposures | Distribution of dietary n-3 LC-PUFAs |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle vs. lowest thirds* | Upper vs. lowest thirds* | P † | |
| Conventional treatment (n = 727) |
|||
| Unadjusted model | −54.7 (−94.1 to −15.2)¶ | −51.6 (−91.4 to −11.8) | 0.01 |
| Adjusted model | −55.1 (−92.4 to −17.9) | −40.2 (−79.2 to −1.3) | 0.04 |
| Intensive treatment (n = 709) |
|||
| Unadjusted model | −3.3 (−22.0 to 15.3) | −3.9 (−21.9 to 14.0) | 0.7 |
| Adjusted model | 7.9 (−7.9 to 23.6) | −1.1 (−16.8 to 14.5) | 0.9 |
| Primary prevention cohort (n = 724) |
|||
| Unadjusted model | −4.4 (−17.2 to 8.3) | −3.2 (−15.3 to 9.0) | 0.6 |
| Adjusted model | −3.4 (−16.3 to 9.4) | 2.5 (−10.2 to 15.1) | 0.7 |
| Secondary intervention cohort (n = 712) |
|||
| Unadjusted model | −53.8 (−95.4 to −12.3) | −49.1 (−91.7 to −6.6) | 0.02 |
| Adjusted model | −38.2 (−76.5 to −0.2) | −45.5 (−86.2 to −4.8) | 0.03 |
Adjusted for age, sex, duration of follow-up, baseline variables (duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, creatinine clearance, UAER ‡, serum triglyceride, BMI), A1C at year 1 follow-up, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, use of dietary supplements, energy intake, and protein intake.
§Difference in mean UAER (mg/24 h) was calculated by modeling the repeated measurements of UAER over the 9-year study period as an outcome in a mixed-effects regression model with random intercepts allowing for the correlation of repeated measures of the same individual.
¶The negative values reflect that the middle and upper third of dietary n-3 LC-PUFAs deteriorated less than the reference group (lowest third).
*Reference group.
†P is for a linear trend across thirds of the distribution of dietary n-3 LC-PUFAs. ‡Baseline UAER is defined as the average of UAER between year 0 and year 1.