Figure 1.

Effects of hyperinsulinemic euglycemia and hypoglycemia (2.9 mmol/l) in overnight-fasted healthy control subjects (n = 35) and individuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 24) that participated in either one or both of the studies on vascular biological markers. Response of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VEGF are significantly increased during hypoglycemia as compared with euglycemia in both healthy control subjects and type 1 diabetic subjects. Statistical difference with two-way ANOVA during the 120-min clamp experiments is marked in each graph panel.