(A) Effect of different modes of PG growth on the straightening of a cell. If growth is proportional to local length (mode 1), curvature does not change. If growth is the same on both side and proportional to average length (mode 2), curvature decreases. Numbers represent lengths in arbitrary units; e.g., microns. (B) 3D shape of the cell is approximated by a torus. (Upper) Coordinate y and the directions of the two principal stress components T∥and T⊥ are indicated. (Lower) Small segment. The length L varies linearly with y from L2 (minimum) to L1 (maximum). The length of the centerline is the average of L over the cross section. C. Theoretical cell curvature as a function of time (Eq. 2) for S = 0 (mode 1), 0.5 (intermediate mode), and 1 (mode 2). Cell length as a function of time assuming no division (dashed line).