Table 4.

Maximum likelihood estimates: women.

	Independence model		Frank model
	Participation	Duration	Participation	Duration
Constant	5.793	0.802⁎⁎	5.237	0.697⁎⁎
Age 16 to 24	0.770⁎⁎	0.099	0.698⁎⁎	0.244⁎
Age 25 to 34	0.574⁎⁎	0.102	0.579⁎⁎	0.234⁎⁎
Age 35 to 44	0.457⁎⁎	0.047	0.446⁎⁎	0.137
Age 45 to 54	0.124	0.159⁎	0.193⁎	0.210⁎⁎
Ln equivalised household income	0.090⁎		0.095⁎
Single	0.302⁎⁎	0.182⁎⁎	0.330⁎⁎	0.234⁎⁎
Divorced/separated/widowed	0.266⁎⁎	− 0.102⁎	0.229⁎⁎	− 0.081
No. children aged 2–15	0.029	− 0.042⁎	− 0.004	− 0.041
No. children under age 2	− 0.312⁎⁎	− 0.305⁎⁎	− 0.337⁎⁎	− 0.416⁎⁎
Natural mother alive	0.179⁎⁎	− 0.114⁎	0.158⁎	− 0.046
Hours watching TV per week	− 0.043⁎⁎	− 0.008	− 0.044⁎⁎	− 0.022⁎⁎
Car available in household	0.105		0.044
No education	− 0.341⁎⁎		− 0.306⁎⁎
Retired	0.297⁎	0.065	0.266⁎	0.093
Unemployed	0.215	0.047	0.303⁎	0.108
Economically inactive	0.001	− 0.006	− 0.009	− 0.022
General health: Very good	0.425⁎⁎	0.478⁎⁎	0.410⁎⁎	0.566⁎⁎
Good	0.299⁎	0.371⁎⁎	0.318⁎⁎	0.420⁎⁎
Fair	0.178	0.383⁎⁎	0.183	0.387⁎⁎
Psychological wellbeing: Good	0.103		0.037
Fair	0.168		0.167⁎
Missing	− 0.181		− 0.231
Limiting longstanding illness		− 0.034		− 0.058
Non-limiting longstanding illness		0.148⁎⁎		0.148⁎⁎
Accident	0.108		0.102⁎⁎
Health Board average hours phys activity	0.456⁎⁎		0.330⁎⁎
Health Board average BMI	− 0.333⁎⁎		− 0.301⁎⁎
Smoker	− 0.254⁎⁎	− 0.067	− 0.211⁎⁎	− 0.120⁎⁎
Ex-smoker	0.125	0.136⁎⁎	0.139⁎	0.141⁎⁎
Regular under limit drinker	0.176⁎⁎	0.023	0.149⁎	0.043
Regular over limit drinker	0.310⁎⁎	0.091⁎	0.295⁎⁎	0.121⁎
Healthy diet score	0.038⁎⁎	− 0.008⁎	0.036⁎⁎	0.000
Moderate vigour		− 0.145⁎		− 0.205⁎⁎
High vigour		− 0.157⁎⁎		− 0.143⁎
Gamma shape α				0.239⁎⁎
Copula theta θ				6.067⁎⁎
LogL	− 4549.57		− 4488.07
Kendall tau τ				0.518⁎⁎

Notes: Significance from zero at the 5% level is indicated by ⁎, and at the 1% level by ⁎⁎.

Units of measure: hours over a 4 week period.

Sample size n = 2360, number of participants n₁ = 1196.