Table 1.

Baseline characteristics according to metabolic syndrome^* status

	Metabolic Syndrome^†
	No	Yes
n	23,962	9,268
Age (yrs)	44.0 ± 10.0	47.2 ± 9.8
Fitness (Treadmill time (min))	19.5 ± 4.9	14.7 ± 4.4
Height (cm)	178.8 ± 6.5	179.3 ± 8.2
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	25.4 ± 2.9	29.6 ± 4.5
Current smoker (%)	15.9	20.4
≥ 5 Alcohol drinks per week (%)	36.9	30.7
Family history (%)
Hypertension	16.4	22.6
Diabetes	6.4	10.6
Cardiovascular disease	27.8	32.8
Cancer	23.6	31.0
Metabolic syndrome Components
Abdominal Obesity
Waist Circumference (cm)	90.5 ± 8.6	103.1 ± 12.0
Abdominal Obesity (%)^†	7.2	55.9
Blood Pressure
Systolic (mmHg)	119 ± 13	128 ± 14
Diastolic (mmHg)	79 ± 9	86 ± 10
High blood pressure (%)^‡	32.1	76.8
Blood Lipids
HDL (mmol/L)	1.3 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2
Low HDL (%)^§	19.7	70.3
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.2 ± 0.7	2.5 ± 2.0
High triglycerides (%)^¶	13.6	75.7
Fasting Blood Glucose
Glucose level (mmol/L)	5.4 ± 0.7	6.1 ± 1.4
High glucose (%)^║	33.6	76.9

HDL- C= high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Data shown as mean±SD unless specified otherwise

No defined as 0 to 2 components, and Yes defined as the presence of ≥3 of the 5 components

^†

Abdominal obesity was defined as waist girth ≥102 cm [40 in] in men

^‡

High blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg, or history of physician-diagnosed hypertension

^§

Low HDL-C was defined as HDL <1.04 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) in men

^¶

High triglycerides was defined as tiglycerides ≥1.69 mmol/L (150 mg/dL)

^║

High glucose was defined as glucose≥6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) or history of physician-diagnosed diabetes