Table 2.
Functional abilities and neuropsychological performances by group
| Normal control |
Amnestic MCI |
Non-amnestic MCI |
Overall F |
Normative Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p value * | Score | |
| MEASURES NOT USED IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF MCI: | |||||
| ILS Managing Money | 57.45 (3.95) | 53.14 (6.19) | 56.13 (5.14) | .001a | T |
| ILS Health and Safety | 56.82 (5.66) | 55.36 (6.01) | 52.81 (7.02) | .04 | T |
| DRS Memory | 54.89 (4.63) | 44.55 (11.51) | 52.94 (6.88) | <.001a,c | T |
| WMS-R Visual Reproduction II Percent Retention | 11.54 (2.38) | 8.55 (3.58) | 11.92 (1.80) | <.001a,c | MOANS Scaled Score (SS) |
| D-KEFS Tower Test total achievement score | 12.27 (2.51) | 12.14 (2.59) | 11.00 (2.68) | .19 | SS |
| D-KEFS Trail Making Test Number-Letter Switching | 12.90 (2.16) | 10.77 (2.71) | 11.50 (2.48) | <.001a | SS |
| Geriatric Depression Scale | 4.90 (4.95) | 4.38 (3.04) | 8.33 (6.52) | .03 | raw |
| MEASURES USED IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF MCI: | |||||
| MEMORY | |||||
| WMS-R Logical Memory I | 12.70 (2.99) | 8.00 (2.94) | 11.88 (2.94) | <.001 a,c | MOANS SS |
| WMS-R Logical Memory II | 12.76 (2.76) | 7.82 (3.23) | 12.94 (2.96) | <.001 a,c | MOANS SS |
| WMS-R Visual Reproduction I | 13.04 (2.79) | 11.00 (3.90) | 12.85 (3.36) | .03 | MOANS SS |
| WMS-R Visual Reproduction II | 12.56 (2.83) | 8.95 (4.16) | 12.85 (2.82) | <.001a,c | MOANS SS |
| CVLT 1-5 total | 55.10 (8.83) | 38.09 (7.90) | 51.69 (9.52) | <.001a,c | T |
| ATTENTION | |||||
| DRS Attention | 55.63 (4.23) | 56.14 (4.08) | 51.81 (10.55) | .03 | T |
| WAIS-R Digit span | 12.59 (3.09) | 11.55 (3.31) | 12.19 (2.74) | .37 | MOANS SS |
| Trails A | 11.89 (3.00) | 9.95 (3.32) | 10.63 (2.90) | .02 | MOANS SS |
| LANGUAGE | |||||
| BNT | 13.73 (2.53) | 11.41 (2.81) | 12.75 (2.79) | .001a | MOANS SS |
| Letter Fluency | 53.02 (10.77) | 49.27 (8.88) | 50.50 (12.06) | .29 | T |
| Category Fluency | 54.22 (11.27) | 46.05 (6.88) | 47.27 (14.43) | .003 | T |
| VISUALSPATIAL | |||||
| WISC-R Block Design | 56.01 (10.23) | 43.90 (15.55) | 42.33 (14.33) | <.001a,b | T |
| D-KEFS Visual Scanning | 11.53 (2.29) | 10.32 (3.59) | 10.31 (2.52) | .06 | SS |
| DRS Construction | 50.84 (6.10) | 49.95 (6.44) | 43.88 (11.90) | .002b | T |
| Draw-a-Clock Test | 2.88 (.40) | 2.68 (.57) | 2.63 (.62) | .06 | raw |
| EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS | |||||
| WCST categories | 53.20 (6.40) | 49.30 (11.46) | 44.47 (9.91) | <.001b | T |
| WCST perseverative errors | 49.38 (6.52) | 46.26 (5.94) | 41.47 (11.10) | <.001b | T |
| Trails B | 12.46 (2.56) | 10.00 (2.89) | 10.63 (3.42) | <.001a | MOANS SS |
| D-KEFS Color Word Interference Inhibition | 12.23 (2.15) | 10.77 (2.35) | 10.07 (2.60) | <.001b | SS |
Signifi cance level, corrected for multiple comparisons, was set at p < .002. Superscripts indicate which groups were signifi cantly different at p < .002, assessed using post hoc Tukey tests
= NC > amnestic MCI
= NC > non-amnestic MCI
= non-amnestic MCI > amnestic MCI.
MCI = mild cognitive impairment; ILS = Independent Living Scales. DRS = Mattis Dementia Rating Scale [Mattis, 1988 ; published norms (Mattis, 1988)]. WMS-R = Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised [Wechsler, 1987 ; normative data drawn from Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies (MOANS; Ivnik et al., 1992)]. D-KEFS = Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System [Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001 ; published norms (Delis et al., 2001)]. CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test (Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 1987 ; normative data from Norman, Evan, Miller, & Heaton, 2000). WAIS-R = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [Wechsler, 1981 ; normative data from the MOANS (Ivnik et al., 1992)]. Normative data for Trail Making Test (Reitan & Wolfson, 1985) from the MOANS (Ivnik et al., 1992). BNT = Boston Naming Test [Kaplan, Goodglass, & Weintraub, 1983 ; normative data from the MOANS (Ivnik et al., 1992)]. Normative data for letter fl uency and category fl uency from Gladsjo, Schuman, Evans, Peavy, Miller, and Heaton (1999). WISC-R = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Revised (Wechsler, 1974 ; age and education adjusted norms drawn from unpublished data derived from the UCSD Alzheimer Disease Research Center). WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-48-card version; Lineweaver, Bondi, Thomas, and Salmon, 1999).