Table 3.
Bivariate associations of retrospectively reported childhood adversities with DSM-IV/CIDI bipolar disorder (BP-I/II) with and without frequent mood episodes (FME) in the total sample (n = 9,282)
| Twelve-month BPD |
Other lifetime BPD | Twelve-month FME versus | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FME | No FME | Other 12-month BPD | Other LT BPD | |||||
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | χ2 | χ2 | |
| I. Neglect and abuse | ||||||||
| Neglect | 3.4* | (1.4–8.7) | 2.9* | (1.1–7.5) | 1.2 | (0.3–6.0) | 0.1 | 1.2 |
| Physical abuse | 3.2* | (1.6–6.4) | 10.1* | (4.2–24.6) | 2.3 | (0.8–6.8) | 5.4** | 0.2 |
| Sexual abuse | 4.4* | (1.9–10.1) | 6.2* | (2.5–15.5) | 3.8* | (1.3–11.5) | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| Any | 3.6* | (1.7–7.8) | 6.4* | (2.5–16.5) | 1.9 | (0.8–4.6) | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| II. Loss | ||||||||
| Parent death | 0.4 | (0.1–1.6) | 0.7 | (0.2–3.3) | 1.4 | (0.8–2.5) | 0.3 | 3.0 |
| Parent divorce | 2.4 | (1.0–5.4) | 1.1 | (0.5–2.8) | 0.9 | (0.3–2.8) | 0.9 | 1.7 |
| Other major loss | 2.6* | (1.1–6.4) | 3.1* | (1.2–7.9) | 0.9 | (0.2–4.4) | 0.1 | 1.1 |
| Either | 1.7 | (0.8–3.4) | 1.1 | (0.5–2.4) | 1.2 | (0.5–2.7) | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| III. Parent violence and criminality | ||||||||
| Violence | 3.6* | (1.5–8.8) | 4.8* | (2.4–9.3) | 2.7* | (1.1–7.1) | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Criminal behavior | 2.3* | (1.0–5.6) | 4.2* | (1.6–10.8) | 5.1* | (2.2–11.3) | 1.5 | 4.1** |
| Either | 2.9* | (1.3–6.5) | 5.2* | (2.4–11.2) | 3.2* | (1.5–6.7) | 1.3 | 0.1 |
| IV. Other adversity | ||||||||
| Family economic adversity | 2.5* | (1.2–5.4) | 3.2* | (1.5–6.9) | 0.9 | (0.2–3.3) | 0.7 | 1.5 |
| Respondent’s severe physical illness | 3.8* | (1.4–10.8) | 1.0 | (0.2–4.6) | 0.4 | (0.1–3.0) | 1.6 | 4.2** |
| Parental mental illness | 2.8* | (1.4–5.7) | 6.5* | (2.8–14.8) | 2.8* | (1.3–6.2) | 3.8** | 0.0 |
| Any | 2.9* | (1.4–6.1) | 4.3* | (1.9–9.9) | 1.8 | (0.8–3.9) | 1.3 | 0.7 |
| V. Any childhood adversity | ||||||||
| Any | 3.6* | (1.7–7.6) | 2.7* | (1.1–6.8) | 3.6* | (1.5–8.5) | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| (n)1 | (5,563) | (5,550) | (5,553) | |||||
Significant association between the childhood adversity and BPD at the .05 level, two-sided test. The models used to test the significance of these differences controlled for age and sex. A separate model was used for each of the three BPD sub-samples (i.e., 12-month FME, other 12-month BPD, other LT BPD), each compared to respondents without a history of BPD. This is why sample sizes differ somewhat in the three columns of the table.
Significant difference between the OR for respondents with 12-month BPD/FME and the OR for other respondents with BPD in the contrast category.
Logistic regression models were used to generate the results in this table. A separate model was used for each of the three BPD sub-samples (i.e., 12-month FME, other 12-month BPD, other LT BPD), each compared to respondents without a history of BPD. This is why sample sizes differ somewhat in the three columns of the table. Childhood adversities were assessed in Part II, which is why the sample sizes are smaller than in Table 1.