Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted^* hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic vascular events among women with active migraine according to migraine features in the Women’s Health Study (N=27,840)

	No migraine history (N=22,715)	Active migraine with aura (N=1,434)	P value	Active migraine without aura (N=2,176)	P value	Prior migraine (N=1,515)	P value
Major Cardiovascular Event †	N=567	N=54		N=39		N=48
Overall	1.00	2.01 (1.52–2.67)	<0.0001	1.04 (0.75–1.44)	0.81	1.13 (0.84–1.52)	0.41
Attack duration of 4–72 hours
Yes	———	2.11 (1.53–2.89)	<0.0001	0.98 (0.67–1.44)	0.93	———	—
No		1.74 (0.98–3.09)	0.06	1.22 (0.67–2.22)	0.51
Unilateral pain location
Yes	———	2.05 (1.43–2.96)	0.0001	0.87 (0.54–1.40)	0.57	———	—
No		1.96 (1.29–2.97)	0.002	1.24 (0.80–1.93)	0.33
Photophobia
Yes	———	1.87 (1.33–2.61)	0.0003	1.00 (0.66–1.51)	0.99	———	—
No		2.42 (1.49–3.93)	0.0003	1.11 (0.67–1.87)	0.68
Phonophobia
Yes	———	1.85 (1.19–2.86)	0.006	0.85 (0.50–1.46)	0.56	———	—
No		2.13 (1.50–3.04)	<0.0001	1.18 (0.79–1.77)	0.41
Nausea/vomiting
Yes	———	1.64 (1.12–2.40)	0.01	1.00 (0.66–1.51)	0.99	———	—
No		2.66 (1.79–3.94)	<0.0001	1.11 (0.66–1.85)	0.70
Pulsating pain quality
Yes	———	1.93 (1.30–2.86)	0.001	0.58 (0.32–1.02)	0.06	———	—
No		2.09 (1.43–3.07)	0.0002	1.62 (1.10–2.38)	0.02
Aggravation by physical activity
Yes	———	1.73 (1.01–2.95)	0.04	0.78 (0.42–1.46)	0.43	———	—
No		2.13 (1.54–2.95)	<0.0001	1.18 (0.81–1.71)	0.40
Ischemic stroke	N=257	N=22		N=17		N=16
Overall	1.00	1.79 (1.15–2.78)	0.01	1.01 (0.61–1.65)	0.98	0.82 (0.50–1.36)	0.45
Attack duration of 4–72 hours
Yes	———	1.64 (0.97–2.77)	0.06	1.17 (0.69–1.97)	0.57	———	—
No		2.22 (1.05–4.72)	0.04	0.50 (0.12–2.00)	0.33
Unilateral pain location
Yes	———	1.42 (0.75–2.68)	0.28	0.75 (0.35–1.59)	0.45	———	—
No		2.28 (1.28–4.08)	0.006	1.32 (0.70–2.49)	0.39
Photophobia
Yes	———	1.43 (0.82–2.51)	0.21	1.12 (0.62–2.00)	0.71	———	—
No		2.80 (1.44–5.46)	0.003	0.81 (0.33–1.97)	0.64
Phonophobia
Yes	———	1.34 (0.63–2.85)	0.44	0.55 (0.20–1.48)	0.24	———	—
No		2.12 (1.25–3.58)	0.005	1.35 (0.77–2.36)	0.30
Nausea/vomiting
Yes	———	0.91 (0.43–1.93)	0.80	1.20 (0.68–2.11)	0.52	———	—
No		3.27 (1.93–5.51)	<0.0001	0.66 (0.25–1.77)	0.41
Pulsating pain quality
Yes	———	1.66 (0.88–3.13)	0.12	0.85 (0.42–1.73)	0.66	———	—
No		1.92 (1.07–3.43)	0.03	1.20 (0.61–2.34)	0.60
Aggravation by physical activity
Yes	———	1.61 (0.71–3.62)	0.25	1.05 (0.46–2.36)	0.91	———	—
No		1.87 (1.13–3.11)	0.02	0.98 (0.54–1.81)	0.96
Myocardial infarction	N=243	N=25		N=17		N=20
Overall	1.00	2.11 (1.39–3.21)	0.0004	1.01 (0.62–1.66)	0.96	1.08 (0.68–1.70)	0.74
Attack duration of 4–72 hours
Yes	———	2.26 (1.42–3.59)	0.0006	0.86 (0.47–1.57)	0.62	———	—
No		1.68 (0.69–4.08)	0.25	1.51 (0.67–3.41)	0.32
Unilateral pain location
Yes	———	2.26 (1.34–3.83)	0.002	0.97 (0.50–1.90)	0.93	———	—
No		1.93 (1.02–3.64)	0.04	1.06 (0.53–2.16)	0.86
Photophobia
Yes	———	2.39 (1.52–3.76)	0.0002	1.00 (0.55–1.84)	0.99	———	—
No		1.32 (0.49–3.56)	0.58	1.03 (0.46–2.33)	0.94
Phonophobia
Yes	———	2.14 (1.16–3.93)	0.01	1.07 (0.52–2.16)	0.86	———	—
No		2.10 (1.22–3.61)	0.008	0.97 (0.50–1.89)	0.92
Nausea/vomiting
Yes	———	1.98 (1.17–3.36)	0.01	1.02 (0.55–1.87)	0.95	———	—
No		2.35 (1.24–4.43)	0.009	1.00 (0.44–2.25)	0.99
Pulsating pain quality
Yes	———	1.81 (0.98–3.32)	0.06	0.32 (0.10–1.00)	0.05	———	—
No		2.43 (1.41–4.18)	0.001	1.88 (1.09–3.23)	0.02
Aggravation by physical activity
Yes	———	1.40 (0.58–3.42)	0.46	0.51 (0.16–1.60)	0.25	———	—
No		2.42 (1.53–3.83)	0.0002	1.28 (0.74–2.20)	0.38

^*controlling for: age, body mass index, diabetes, physical activity, postmenopausal hormone use, oral contraceptive use, history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, smoking, family history of premature myocardial infarction, LDL levels, HDL levels.

^†A major cardiovascular event was defined as the first of any of these events: nonfatal ischemic stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or death from ischemic cardiovascular cause.